青少年体育锻炼对自我效能感的影响:自尊的中介作用

The influence of teenagers’physical exercise on self-efficacy:the intermediary role of self-esteem

目的:探讨不同性别青少年的体育锻炼量、自我效能感和自尊之间的相关关系,以及自尊在体育锻炼与自我效能感之间的中介作用。方法:随机抽取373名高二学生作为研究对象,采用国际身体活动量表、一般自我效能感量表、自尊量表进行问卷调查。结果:(1)青少年的体育锻炼量处于高等活动水平,不同性别青少年的体育锻炼量存在显著性差异(p<0.001);青少年的自尊处于中等水平,不同性别青少年的自尊得分存在显著性差异(p<0.05);青少年的自我效能感处于中等水平,不同性别青少年的自我效能感得分均存在显著性差异(p<0.001)。(2)青少年体育锻炼量与自尊存在显著相关(p<0.01);青少年体育锻炼量与自我效能感存在显著相关(r=0.258,p<0.01);青少年自尊与自我效能感存在显著相关(r=0.369,p<0.01)。(3)自尊在体育锻炼与自我效能感之间起到部分中介作用,标准回归系数β=0.197,p<0.001。结论:(1)男生在体育锻炼量、自尊、自我效能感的水平都高于女生。(2)随着体育锻炼的增加青少年自尊和自我效能感水平也越好;(3)通过体育锻炼可以直接提高自我效能感,也可以通过提高自尊间接提高自我效能感。

Objective:To explore the relationship among physical exercise,self-efficacy and self-esteem of adolescents of different genders,and the intermediary role of self-esteem between physical exercise and selfefficacy.Methods:This research randomly selects 373 men and female students of senior two as the subjects and investigates them by international physical activity scale,general self-efficacy scale and self-esteem scale.Results:(1)the amount of physical exercise of adolescents is at the higher level of activities,and there is a significant difference in the amount of physical exercise of adolescents from different gender(p<0.001);the self-esteem of adolescents is at the middle level,and the scores of self-efficacy of adolescents of different gender were significantly different(p<0.001).(2)There was a significant correlation between physical exercise volume and self-efficacy in adolescents(p<0.001);a significant correlation between physical exercise volume and self-efficacy in adolescents(r=0.258,p<0.001);and a significant correlation between self-esteem and self-efficacy(r=0.369,p<0.001).(3)Self-esteem plays a partial intermediary role between physical exercise and self-efficacy,with the standard regression coefficientβ=0.197,p<0.001.Conclusions:(1)the level of physical exercise,self-esteem and self-efficacy of male students are higher than that of female students.(2)Self-esteem and self-efficacy are better with the increasing physical activity volume;(3)physical exercise can not only directly improve the sense of self-efficacy but also can indirectly improve the sense of self-efficacy by improving self-esteem.