共享的分化与共享的逻辑——共享层级、共享单位与共享经济

Differentiation and Logic of Sharing:The Layers of Sharing,the Unit of Sharing and Sharing Economy

随着共享经济的兴起,学术界对共享经济展开了热烈的争论,但一些概念的混淆却妨碍了学术共识的达成。因此,一些学者试图从词源学的角度来澄清“共享”的含义,并在此基础上刻画与该词源对应的共享原型,然后,用共享原型来对共享经济展开分析。但是,从词源上所澄清的共享原型,却无法与当今的各种不同的共享实践衔接起来。这说明,对共享的分析,不但要有一个词源学或原型的视角,而且还要有一个社会分化的视角。人类社会的共享不但在共享层级上,而且在共享单位上,都发生了分化,从而在不同历史阶段分别出现了不同的共享模式,共享经济则是最新出现的一种共享模式。各种模式的共享的产生均有着内在的逻辑。

With the rise of sharing economy,scholars have heatedly debated the issues of sharing economy.However,the confusions about certain concepts have hindered the formation of academic consensus.As a response to this situation,some scholars have tried to clarified the meaning of the concept of sharing from its origins,and accordingly described the prototypes of sharing,in terms of which sharing economy is analyzed(Belk 2010).But the clarified original meanings and prototypes of sharing fails to account for the variety of sharing practices today.In order to explain today’s various sharing practices,we offer an alternative perspective,i.e.,the perspective of differentiation.It is argued that sharing has undergone differentiation in both layers and units,and that there are various modes of sharing during the progress of history.Sharing economy is a most recent mode of sharing practice.The evolution and differentiation of sharing practices follow some internal logic.