名卿与大儒:明清王阳明传记书写的二维向度

Famous Minister or Great Scholar:Research on the Two-dimensional Direction of Biography about Wang Yangming in the Ming and Qing Dynasty

王阳明一生在事功、儒学两方面都有极高成就,集名卿与大儒两种身份为一。然而数量众多的阳明传记基于对传主核心身份的不同确认,在形象塑造与书写模式上形成了较大差异。以名卿定位阳明者,其传记书写侧重于阳明事功的一面,着力展现其丰功伟绩,很少叙述其儒学成就;而视阳明为大儒者,则多选取其发明心学的相关事件,叙事上轻事功而重讲学,突出一代大儒的精神风采。《明史 王守仁传》仅表现阳明作为名卿的一面,对其儒者形象则尽力掩盖。由明至清,王阳明传记文本呈现出清晰的生成、变化脉络,其中王学的兴衰与正史文体的制约是主导这一变化的核心因素。

Wang Yangming has made great achievements in his life in both aspects of career and Confucianism.However,the numerous biographies of Yang Ming made a big difference based on the difference of the identity of the heir.The sort of minister biography focused on the achievements of Yang Ming,and showed his great career,well rarely described his achievements in Confucianism.In the sort of scholar biography,Yang Ming was regarded as a great Confucian scholar,and most of the content related to his invention of mind science.The biography of Wang Yangming in the History of Ming dynasty,only showed one side of Yang Ming as a military strategist,and tried to cover up his image as a Confucian.From Ming dynasty to Qing dynasty,Wang Yangming’s biographical text presented a clear formation and change context,among which the acceptance of thoughts of Wang Yangming and the restriction of formal history style are the core factors leading its change.