“黑社会”与“恶势力”犯罪的刑法界定研究

Research on the Demarcation of the Sentencing and Convicting of the Crimes Committed by the “Underworld Society” and “Evil Force”: From the Perspective of Criminal Law Norm

理论和实践均表明,"恶势力"是黑社会性质组织发展的萌芽雏形,黑社会性质组织是"恶势力"发展的高级阶段。由于恶势力集团属于共同犯罪,与黑社会性质组织有一定相似性,实践中容易对两者产生混淆。但是,在刑法意义上,恶势力犯罪集团与黑社会性质组织是两种不同的犯罪行为,犯罪性质不同,法律后果也不同。黑社会性质组织是一种独立的犯罪行为,而"恶势力"并不是一个法律概念,也不是独立罪名,只是一种共同犯罪的特殊形式,是量刑时要考虑的从重情节。在司法实践中,认定黑恶势力犯罪要防止两种倾向,既不能将"恶势力"犯罪"拔高"定为黑社会性质组织犯罪,也不能将黑社会性质组织犯罪"降格"处理为"恶势力"犯罪。因此,从刑法规范意义上明确两者的认定和区分标准,对建立健全打击防范治理黑恶势力犯罪长效机制具有重要的现实意义。

From the perspectives of the theory and practice, the "evil force" is the primary stage of organized crime with the characteristics of the "underworld society", and the organization with the characteristics of the "underworld society" is the advanced stage of the "evil force", therefore, these two shares similarities and differences. Since the difference between the two is not obvious, it is difficult for the judges to define in the judicial practice. In this paper, based on the differences of the "evil force" and the underworld organization in organizational degree, economic scale, mode of conduct, and degree of control of harm and way of performance, in terms of the accurate sentencing and convicting standards concerning the two, this paper puts forward the construction of social governance system in an effort to combat, prevent and control the crimes committed by the "underworld society" and the "evil force" from the perspective of the norm of the criminal law.