光活化农药作用机理的研究进展

Progress in Action Model of Photo-Activated Pesticide

光作为农田生态系统中最基本的环境因子对农药药效有重要影响,与传统农药相比,光活化农药因具有多位点的高效毒杀作用、不易产生抗性和环境兼容性好等特点受到农药研究者的青睐。综述了光活化农药的作用机理,光活化农药主要通过产生自由基和单线态氧,并进一步与氧反应产生活性氧,破坏生物膜和细胞器的结构与功能,或在无氧情况下与生物分子直接发生反应发挥光活化毒性,达到杀虫、抑菌、除草的效果。此外,对光活化农药的主要结构类型及其生物活性进行归纳总结与展望。通过对化学结构的修饰增强光活化农药的农用活性,并在细胞代谢水平上系统研究光活化农药的作用机制,可为新农药的创制研发提供新的思路。

As the most basic environmental factor in farmland ecosystem,light has an important effect on pesticide efficacy.Compared with traditional pesticides,photo-activated pesticides are favored by pesticide researchers because of their high efficiency,high resistance and good environmental compatibility.In this paper,the action model of photo-activated pesticides was reviewed.Photo-activated pesticides mainly produced free radicals and singlet oxygen,further reacted with oxygen to produce reactive oxygen species,which destroyed the structure and function of biofilm and organelle.In the absence of oxygen,photo-activated pesticides directly react with biomolecules to play the photo-activation toxicity,achieving the effect of insecticidal,bacteriostatic,herbicidal.In addition,the main structural types and biological activities of photo-activated pesticides were summarized and prospected.Enhancing the agricultural activity of photo-activated pesticides through the modification of chemical structure and systematically studying the mechanism of photo-activated pesticides at the level of cell metabolism can provide a new idea for the creation and development of new pesticides.