聚乙烯乙酸酯/杨梅单宁低温去污剂合成及其对模拟U(Ⅵ)污染的去污特性

Preparation of Polyvinyl Acetate/Bayberry Tannin Low Temperature Detergent and its Decontamination Characteristics for Simulative Radioactive Pollution

以杨梅单宁和聚乙烯乙酸酯为原材料,通过复合及复配去污助剂十二烷基磺酸钠,制备了一种可用于低温下(-10~0℃)去除物体表面模拟放射性核素U(Ⅵ)污染的新型去污剂。利用傅立叶变换红外吸收光谱仪(FTIR)、热重分析仪(TG)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)及X射线能谱(EDX)等对去污膜及去污机理进行了分析。结果表明:在适宜的杨梅单宁、聚乙烯乙酸酯和十二烷基磺酸钠质量比下,去污温度在-10℃~0℃范围时,聚乙烯乙酸酯/杨梅单宁去污剂对不同材料(不锈钢、陶瓷、玻璃、聚氯乙烯)表面上模拟U(Ⅵ)污染的去污率最大值分别为96. 82%,97. 12%,95. 08%,90. 07%。该去污剂在低温情况下10 h以内能快速成膜,剥离去污,其去污机理是物理黏结和配位以及离子交换共同作用的结果。

With Bayberry tannin(BT) and Polyvinyl acetate(PVAc) as raw materials,a novel detergent which can be used to remove surface simulated radionuclide U(Ⅵ) contamination at low temperature(-10 ℃-0 ℃) was designed and prepared through compounding and blending detergent sodium dodecyl sulfonic acid(SDS). Meanwhile,Fourier transform infrared absorption spectrometer(FTIR),thermogravimetric analyzer(TG),scanning electron microscope( SEM) and X-ray energy spectrum(EDX) were used to analyze the decontamination film and decontamination mechanism. The results show that under the appropriate mass ratio of BT,PVAc and SDS,when the decontamination temperature is in the rang of-10 ℃-0 ℃,the maximum removal rates of the detergent on the surface of different decontamination materials(stainless steel,ceramic,glass,polyvinyl chloride) simulated uranium(Ⅵ) contamination can reach 96. 82%,97. 12%,95. 08%,90. 07%,respectively. It is also found that the detergent can quickly form a film,peel and decontaminate within 10 h under low temperature. Its decontamination mechanism is the result of dissolution,physical bonding,coordination and ion exchange.