传染病负压病房布局流程建设及医院感染管理中外研究进展

Research Progress at Home and Abroad for Negative Pressure Ward Layout ProcessConstruction and Contagious Hospital Infection Management

2003年解放军第309医院研制了“传染病负压隔离病房系统”,由此填补了我国在负压病房建设上的空白。国外如澳大利亚、美国、日本、英国等国家有适用于本国的负压隔离病房建设指南,以应对诸如SARS、禽流感等突发性公共卫生应急事件的烈性重大传染病。但到目前为止国际上没有统一的设计标准。国内外在建筑布局设计上(负压隔离病区平面设计、负压隔离病房设计、缓冲间、卫生间等的设计)、负压隔离病房管理流程设计以及在排放污染、压差、换气次数、气流组织上存在着不同的观点。本研究对国内外负压病房建筑布局、气流组织、污染物排放及医院感染防控管理等环节进行了综述,希望为负压病房新、改、扩建提供研究依据,也为负压病房的医院感染管理提供借鉴经验,从而保障医务人员及患者的安全。

In 2003,the 309th Hospital of Chinese PLA developed the"Negative Pressure Isolation Ward System for Infectious Diseases",which filled the gap in the construction of negative pressure wards in China.Foreign countries such as Australia,the United States,Japan,the United Kingdom and other countries have guidelines for the construction of negative pressure isolation wards suitable for their own countries,in order to cope with severe infectious diseases such as SARS,avian influenza and other sudden public health emergencies.But up to now,there is no uniform design standard in the world.There are different views on the layout design of buildings at home and abroad(plane design of negative pressure isolation unit,design of negative pressure isolation ward,design of buffer room,toilet,etc.),design of management process of negative pressure isolation ward,as well as on emission pollution,pressure difference,ventilation frequency and air distribution.This study summarized the construction layout,airflow organization,pollutant discharge and nosocomial infection prevention and control management of negative pressure wards at home and abroad,hoping to provide research basis for the new,renovation and expansion of negative pressure wards,as well as provide reference experience for the management of nosocomial infection in negative pressure wards,so as to ensure the safety of medical staff and patients.