本土外来词“科学”的本土存在理据研究与思考

Research and reflection on the localized existencemotivations of the localized loanword “science”

被引入现代汉语的众多外来词,由于翻译形式的差异,存在理据也不尽相同,有些由最初的直接音译转换成本土表达,有些则依然沿用直接音译形式。按照现代汉语造词理据加以改造的外来词,剔除了部分外来特征,在翻译方式和存在理据上明显与纯音译外来词有所区别。从外来词的词源发展及内部构造出发,将本土外来词“科学”与纯音译外来词的翻译理据进行对比,分析“科学”之所以能转换为本土表达的独特理据,以此对外来词被引入之后的发展模式有所启发。

Many loanwords introduced into modern Chinese have different existence motivations due to differences in translation forms.Some of them have been converted from the original direct transliteration into the localized expressions,while others still retain the direct transliteration form.After excluding some foreign features,the loanwords modified according to the motivation of word formation of modern Chinese are obviously distinguished from loanwords in translation methods and existence motivations.This paper started from the etymological development and internal structure of loanwords,and compared existence motivation of the loanword“science”with those of purely transliterated loanwords,and analyzed the unique motivation for“science”to be converted into localized expression so as to provide reference for the development mode of loanwords after being introduced into China.