辞赋“主客问答”体式的分流与转向

Variation and Diversion of Question-and-answer Fu Style

"主客问答"是赋体最显著的形式特征之一,在经典赋作中反复启用。由于规仿与摹拟风习的兴盛,以"主客问答"为基本形制要素的文作聚合形成一定规模和类型,文集、文论将其另立一体与诗赋同列。"客难"与"七辞"均以"主客问答"为基本结构模式,考其源流,乃为赋体"问答"模式延伸支流而成别体,此与文章辨体破体内涵相关联。"主客问答"的内质是"言"的艺术化,东汉以后赋风的转变,也在"主客问答"的虚实转向中表现出来。

Question-and-answer style is one of the most significant feature of Fu that is frequently used in classic Fu. Due to the prosperity of copying rules and imitating customs,different styles of literary works formed a certain scale and type by taking the question-and-answer style as the basic form elements. Both"Ke Nan( 客难) "and "Qi Ci( 七辞) "have the question-and-answer style. It can be found that their style comes form Fu as a variant the question-and-answer style. The essence of question-and-answer style is the art of speech. The change of Fu style after the Eastern Han Dynasty is also reflected in the change of question-and-answer style.