38个青贮玉米品种的农艺性状及品质比较

Comparison of Agronomic Traits and Quality of 38 Silage Maize Varieties

【目的】本研究旨在38个参试青贮玉米品种中筛选出适于在青岛地区推广的青贮玉米品种。【方法】采用随机区组的试验设计,对38个来自不同生态区常用青贮玉米品种成熟期的株高、穗位高、鲜重、干重、干物率、叶片数、株型、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)和酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)含量9个性状进行测定和分析,同时用聚类分析法将38个供试品种分成5个类群并分析总结每一类群的主要特性,以期为青贮玉米品种的筛选、推广和选育提供理论参考。【结果】38个青贮玉米品种的叶片数多为13片叶,株型主要为紧凑型和半紧凑型,株高最高的为先玉1225(317.1 cm),穗位高最高的为新饲玉12号(154.2 cm),华美1号的株高和穗位高均最低,分别为239.1和69.8 cm;参试青贮玉米的平均干物质率为25%。在品质方面,NDF含量为54.67%~89.00%,ADF含量为31.33%~62.00%。通过系统聚类分析获得5个类群,其中第5类群中所包含的新单61、沈农H5065、先玉335、新玉31号、农华101、饲玉1号、农研青贮2号和祥玉9号八个青贮玉米品种株高与穗位高适宜,且NDF和ADF含量较低。【结论】进一步对这9个品种的农艺性状及品质性状综合评价分析发现,农华101和新玉31号品种在青岛地区具有更高的推广价值。

【Objective】The present study aimed to screen out silage maize varieties suitable for promotion in Qingdao area among 38 silage maize varieties.【Method】In order to provide theory basis for the breeding and planting of silage maize,the plant height,ear height,fresh weight,dry weight,leaf number,plant type,dry matter percentage,NDF and ADF of 38 silage maize varieties in different ecological zones were studied in this paper.And 38 silage maize varieties were divided into five groups by systematic cluster analysis and the main characteristics of each group were analyzed to predict silage corn varieties.【Result】The leaves of 38 silage corn varieties were mostly 13 leaves,the plant type was mainly compact and semi-compact.The plant height of silage corn was the highest for Xianyu 1225(317.1 cm),the ear height was the highest for Xinsiyu No.12(154.2 cm),the plant height and the ear height was the lowest for Huamei No.1(239.1 and 69.8 cm).The average dry matter percentage was 25%.In terms of quality,the content of NDF was 54.67%-89.00%and ADF was 31.33%-62.00%.Five groups obtained through systematic cluster analysis.The fifth group included Xindan 61,Shennong H5065,Xianyu 335,Xinyu No.31,Nonghua 101,Yuyu No.1,and Agricultural Research Silage No.2,which possessed the suitable height and ear height and the contents of NDF and ADF.【Conclusion】NongHua 101 and Xinyu No.31 found that what had overall superior agronomic and silage quality traits were suitable for silage corn production in Qingdao by comprehensive analysis of the agronomic traits and quality traits in the nine varieties.