云南省小麦育成品种(系)遗传多样性分析

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wheat Bred Cultivars(Lines)in Yunnan Province

【目的】进一步挖掘云南省小麦育成品种(系)中的优异资源,进而为云南省的小麦育种实践提供一定的理论依据。【方法】采用91对SSR标记对云南省20世纪50年代以来育成的159个小麦品种(系)进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】①91对SSR引物扫描159个云南省小麦育成品种(系),共有360个等位变异被检测到,单个SSR标记检测到1~9个等位变异,平均每个SSR标记检测到3.96个等位变异;各位点的多态性信息指数最低为0,最高为0.8408,所有位点多态性信息指数平均值为0.4677;云南省80年代小麦育成品种(系)的多态性信息指数最高(0.461)。②基于Nei’s遗传距离的UPGMA聚类可将云南省小麦品种(系)划分为14个类群,类群分类主要与选育年代、栽培类型及种植区域有关。③云南省小麦育成品种(系)的穗粒数和千粒重连锁标记的优异等位变异的频率随着其育成年代的推移而逐渐增长,但穗粒数性状相比千粒重性状改良效果更强。【结论】云南省小麦育成品种(系)遗传多样性较好,特别是20世纪80年代育成品种(系),且不同年代小麦育成品种(系)的穗粒数和千粒重的遗传背景具有不同程度的改良。

【Objective】In order to provide a theoretical basis for wheat breeding practice in Yunnan province,the excellent resources of wheat bred varieties(lines)in Yunnan province were further explored.【Method】91 SSR markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 159 wheat bred varieties(lines)in Yunnan.【Result】(i)Among 159 wheat bred cultivars(lines)in Yunnan,360 alleles were detected by 91 pairs of SSR primers,and 1-9 alleles were detected by a single SSR marker,with an average of 3.96 alleles per SSR marker.The lowest polymorphic information content(PIC)was 0,the highest PIC was 0.8408,and the average PIC of all loci was 0.4677.The highest PIC(0.461)of wheat bred varieties(lines)was found in Yunnan province in 1980 s.(ii)The clustering results of UPGMA based on Nei’s genetic distance showed that 159 wheat varieties(lines)in Yunnan province could be divided into 14 groups,which were mainly related to the age of breeding,cultivation type and planting area.(iii)The frequency of elite allelic variation of markers related to the number of grains per ear and 1000 grain weight of wheat bred varieties(lines)in Yunnan province increased gradually with the development of breeding years,but the effect of improving the number of grains per ear was more obvious than that of 1000 grain weight.【Conclusion】In Yunnan province,the genetic diversity of wheat varieties(lines)is relatively rich,especially wheat bred varieties(lines)in the 1980 s,and the genetic background of grain number per ear and 1000 grain weight of wheat varieties(lines)bred in different periods has different degrees of improvement.