攀西地区块菌气候生态适宜性与地理分布区划研究

Ecological Climate Suitability and Geographical Distribution of Truffle in West Panxi Area

【目的】为促进块菌产业持续发展,做大做强做优块菌特色优势产业,将块菌产业作为山区农民脱贫致富的支柱产业,有必要开展攀西地区块菌资源的气候生态适宜性分析与地理分布区划研究。【方法】利用1981-2017年地面气象观测资料,运用数理统计分析法建立气象要素多元线性回归空间模型,选取与块菌生长密切相关的海拔、降水、温度、植被、土壤等要素值作为指标,利用ArcGIS10.x空间分析模块,计算分析并得到每个指标所确定的块菌适宜性空间分布,运用集优法划分出不同适宜程度的气候区。【结果】攀西地区块菌产量主要影响气候因子为降水,主要气象灾害有干旱、高温、暴雨等;攀西地区块菌适宜区主要分布在1500~2600 m的针阔叶林带和2600 m以下亚高山暗针叶林带,坡度在20~30°的沙壤、壤土、紫色土、石灰土,pH值为6.0~6.5微酸性的环境中,上层乔灌层郁闭度为0.5~0.7,年雨量在700~1600 mm,年均温16.0~23.0℃,土层厚度≥50 cm,旱季、雨季分明;次适宜区海拔在2600~3500 m的针阔叶林带;而不适宜区在海拔3000 m以上的云杉林带、冷杉林带和高山灌丛带。【结论】该区划图客观反映了攀西地区特殊的气候生态环境是块菌自然生长的优良条件,对块菌产量有决定性作用,且气候生态适宜性与地理分布区划相一致,结果与块菌主产区产量分布基本一致。

【Objective】This paper aimed to promote the sustainable development of the truffle industry to make the truffle industry strong and strong,and the truffle industry was regarded as the pillar industry of the mountain farmers to get rich and poor.It was necessary to carry out the study on the climatic ecological suitability analysis and geographical distribution of the truffle resources in Panxi area.【Method】Using ground-based meteorological observations,1981-2017,mathematical statistical analysis was used to establish a multivariate linear regres-sion spatial model of meteorological elements,and factors such as elevation,temperature,vegetation,and soil that were closely related to the growth of truffle were selected as indicators,using the ArcGIS10.x spatial analysis module.The spatial distribution of truffle suitability deter-mined by each index was calculated and analyzed,and the climatic zones with different degrees of suitability were divided by the method of collectivity.【Result】The main factors affecting the yield of truffle in Panxi area were precipitation,and the main meteorological disasters were drought,high temperature,and heavy rain.The suitable area of bacteria in the west of Panxi was mainly distributed in the coniferous broad-leaved forest belts of 1500 meters to 26000 meters and subalpine dark coniferous forest belts below 26000 meters.The slope was 20°to 30°sandy soil,loam soil,purple soil,lime soil.The pH value was 6.0 to 6.5 slightly acidic environments.The upper layer of the irriga-tion layer was 0.5 to 0.7,the annual rainfall was 700 mm to 1600 mm,the average annual temperature was from 16.0℃to 23.0℃,the soil layer thickness was≥50 cm,and the dry season and rainy season were distinct;The sub-suitable area was a coniferous broad-leaved forest belt with an elevation of 2600 meters to 3500 meters;The unsuitable area was in the spruce forest belt,fir forest belt and alpine shrub belt above 3000 meters above sea level.【Conclu-sion】The map showed that the special climate ecological envi-ronment in Panxi area was a good condition for the natural growth of truffle,which played a decisive role in the yield of truffle,and the ecological climate suitability was consistent with the geographical distribution,and the result was basically the same as the yield distribution of truffle main producing areas.