不同种源楠木叶片表型性状变异分析

Analysis of Variation of Leaf Phenotypic Traits in Different Provenances of Phoebe bournei

【目的】分析不同地理种源楠木叶片的表型性状变异特征及其地理分布情况,为楠木良种选育提供理论依据。【方法】以6个具有代表性楠木种源4年生幼树为材料,测定其叶片的13个表型性状,分析不同地理种源楠木幼树叶片的形态变异及其种源内和种源间的分化情况。【结果】6个种源楠木叶柄长、叶面积和叶长的方差分量百分比均在30.00%以上。叶面积以福建建瓯种最大(26.82 cm^2),以广西富川种最小(20.01 cm^2);叶长以重庆江津种最长(12.85 cm),江西崇义种最短(10.36 cm);叶宽以贵州思南种最宽(3.43 cm),广西富川种最窄(2.90 cm);叶周长以湖南沅陵种最长(28.95 cm),江西崇义种最短(25.25 cm)。相关性分析结果表明,经度与叶厚、叶柄长、叶尖角和叶基角呈极显著正相关(P<0.01,下同),与叶长和叶脉角呈极显著负相关;纬度与叶面积、叶长、叶宽、叶周长、叶柄长和宽基距均呈极显著正相关,与叶尖角和叶基角呈极显著负相关。【结论】楠木叶片的表型性状在种源间和种源内均存在极显著差异,且种源间的变异大于种源内变异;不同种源地楠木叶片具有从西到东表现变近圆趋势、从南到北表现变狭长趋势、随年降水量的增加表现变小趋势及随≥10℃年积温的增加表现变窄趋势的特征,可供楠木品种选育和利用研究参考。

【Objective】The phenotypic characteristics and geographic distribution of leaves of Phoebe bournei from different provenances were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for the selection and breeding of P.bournei.【Method】Four representative young trees of provenances of P.bournei were used as materials,and 13 phenotypic traits of their leaves were determined.The morphological variation of leaves of P.bournei from different geographical provenances and the differentiation in and between the provenances were analyzed.【Result】The variance components of petiole length,leaf area and leaf length of P.bournei were above 30.00%.The largest leaf area is in Jianou,Fujian(26.82 cm^2),and the smallest in Fuchuan,Guangxi(20.01 cm^2).The longest leaf length is in Jiangjin,Chongqing(12.85 cm),and the shortest in Chongyi,Jiangxi(10.36 cm).The widest leaf width is in Sinan,Guizhou(3.43 cm),and the Fuchuan species in Guangxi is the narrowest(2.90 cm).The leaf circumference is the longest in Yuanling,Hunan(28.95 cm),and the shortest in Chongyi,Jiangxi(25.25 cm).Correlation analysis results showed that longitude was extremely positively related to leaf thickness,petiole length,leaf tip angle,and leaf base angle(P<0.01,the same below),and extremely negatively correlated with leaf length and leaf vein angle;latitude and leaf area,leaf length,leaf width,leaf perimeter,petiole length and wide base distance were all significantly positively correlated,and were extremely significantly negatively correlated with leaf tip angle and leaf base angle.【Conclusion】The phenotypic traits of P.bournei leaves are extremely different between and within provenances,and the variability between provenances is greater than that within the provenance.The phenotypic characteristics of the leaves of P.bournei from different provenances are nearly circular trend from west to east,the trend of narrowing and long-term performance from south to north,the trend of decreasing with increasing annual precipitation,and the trend of narrowing with increasing annual accumulated temperature≥10℃can be used as references for breeding and utilization of P.bournei.