江西抚州地区官厅建筑考略--以黎川县中田村中宪第为例

The Official Residence in Fuzhou,Jiangxi Province:Taking Zhongxiandi of Zhongtian Village Lichuan County as an Example

官厅作为一类特殊的建筑类型,属于类官式建筑做法,其建筑性质和等级介于普通民居和官式建筑之间,在建筑平面、梁架结构及建筑装饰方面都有着特殊的处理,形成了一套官厅建筑的范式。江西抚州地区仍保留大量的官厅,有着鲜明的地域特色,为我们研究官厅建筑提供了珍贵的范本。该文首先辨析了官厅和官宅的概念,然后以黎川县中田村中宪第为例,对其建筑型制包括建筑平面、梁架结构、建筑装饰等方面进行了分析,并对官厅与普通民居进行了对比,为后续深入官厅建筑提供参考。

As a kind of special architectural type,official residence is a kind of official architectural practice,the architectural property and grade are between common residential buildings and official buildings.It has special treatment in architectural plane,beam,frame structure and architectural decoration,forming a set of official architectural paradigm.There are still a large number of official residences with distinct regional features which provide us with precious models for the case study in Fuzhou,Jiangxi province.In this paper,we analyze the concept of official hall and official residence.Then with the case study of Zhongxiandi in Zhongtian Village of Lichuan County,we discuss the architectural type system,including architectural plane,beam and frame structure,architectural decoration.Finally we compare differences between official residence and ordinary buildings,which provide reference for the follow-up study of official residence.