台湾地区土地财产权理念:从民生主义到自由主义

Land Property Rights Concept of China’s Taiwan Region:From Principle of People’s Livelihood to Liberalism

孙中山的民生主义是台湾地区土地财产权的历史起点和基本理念。民生主义财产权强调“富而均”,是财产自由与经济平等并重的财产权。“平均地权”作为民生主义的实施方法,对民众(主要指“地主”、资本家)土地财产权构成了强有力的公共政策制约。20世纪90年代之前台湾地区的土地财产权是以民生主义为中心理念的。20世纪90年代之后,自由主义土地财产权理念开始在某些领域取代传统的民生主义;在法学界,土地财产权亦有作自由主义财产权解释的趋向。

SUN Yat-sen’s Principle of People’s Livelihood is the historical starting point and basic concept of land property rights in China’s Taiwan Region.The property right of the People’s Livelihood Principle emphasizes“wealth and equality”,which is the property right with equal emphasis on property freedom and economic equality.“Average land right”,as a method of implementing the Principle of People’s Livelihood,constitutes a strong public policy restriction on the land property rights of the people(mainly“landlords”and capitalists).Before the 1990s,the concept of land property right in Taiwan was based on the Principle of People’s Livelihood.After the 1990s,the concept of land property rights of liberalism began to replace the traditional People’s Livelihood in some fields;in the legal field,land property rights also tend to be interpreted as liberal property rights.