民国政府对南海权益的维护与教训——以海军部筹设西沙永兴岛气象台的经过为中心

The Republic of China Government's Protection of Rights and Interests in the South China Sea and Its Lessons——On the Process of the Establishment of the Yongxing Island Meteorological Station on Xisha Island by the Ministry of the Navy

自19世纪20年代中期起,民国政府海军部为固守南海疆域就筹设永兴岛气象台,在南海地缘形势持续恶化的背景下,建台应为中国维护南海权益的重要标志,然而因国家财政支绌而一再搁置。海军部后来虽再议建台,但引起法国的反对,最终因担心影响与法关系而被迫停止。执政者因海疆意识淡薄未能将南海问题放置国防战略层面进行考虑,是导致永兴岛建台被搁置的根本原因,并造成在与法交涉时优柔寡断而坐失良机,这对中国南海疆域的固守产生了严重的消极影响。近些年来某论者对这段历史混淆是非,为此有必要回溯相关历史事实予以批驳,以正国际舆论视听。

Since the mid-1920s,The Navy Department of the Republic of China Government planned to set up the Yongxing Island meteorological station in order to defend the territory of the South China Sea.Against the background of the continuous deterioration of the geographical situation in the South China Sea,the establishment of the meteorological station should be an important symbol of China's safeguarding the rights and interests of the South China Sea,but it failed to be built again and again due to the lack of national finance.Because of the weak consciousness of the sea territory,the rulers failed to consider the South China Sea issue at the national defense strategic level,which was the basic reason that the construction of Yongxing Island meteorological station failed,and also resulted in indecision when negotiating with France,which had a serious negative impact on China's defending the South China Sea.In recent years,some commentators have confused the right and wrong of this period of history,so it is necessary to trace back to the relevant historical facts and refute them in order to correct the international public opinion.