论康德“世界学说”的转变及意义

On the Transformation and Significance of Kant's Doctrines of World

康德在前批判期开始就一直关注形而上学的基础问题,他于1770年完成了《教职论文》,在其中试图通过划分“现象世界”和“本体世界”来为形而上学确保一个合法性的领域。但这个划分所遇到的一系列困难使康德重新思考纯粹理智的本性问题。在十年沉思之后,康德以批判哲学的方式改造了自己的“世界学说”,他将原本的两个世界合在一起作为新的意义上的“现象世界”,而将“本体世界”排除出了认知的领域。借助这一新的“世界学说”,康德在一定程度上完成了将形而上学奠基在纯粹理性之上的工作,但两个世界的划分所造成的二元对立也成为了康德哲学的遗留问题。对两种“世界学说”关系的阐明有助于我们更深刻地理解康德哲学的发展脉络。

Kant actually focused on the problem of foundation of metaphysics early from the Pre-Critical period.In the Dissertation he finished in 1770,Kant has already tried to secure the legitimacy field of metaphysics by dividing two worlds,which refered to the noumenal world and the phenomenal world.But such a plan has soon encountered series of difficulties,which made Kant starts to think the nature of our pure intellect.After ten years of contemplation,Kant transformed his doctrine of two worlds in the critique of pure reason.Kant combined the original two worlds into one world of phenomena in a new sense,and he removed the world of the noumena out of cognitive field.By such new version of doctrine of two worlds,Kant to an extent finished the task of grounding the metaphysics on the pure intellect,but at the same time,many conflicts caused by the split of two worlds have become the most serious issues of Kantian philosophy.The discussion of two versions of"doctrine of world"can make us understand the sequence of thought of Kantian philosophy.