涡轮叶片榫头侧边圆角阵列加工工艺研究

Research on Array Machining of Turbine Blade Tenon Side Fillet

航空发动机涡轮叶片是发动机内核心部件,而叶片的加工通常以榫头为工艺基准,故叶片榫头的加工对整个叶片有着至关重要的影响。针对榫头侧边圆角,现在工厂通用的数控加工工艺是:先在多轴加工中心进行铣削加工再进行机械光饰。但常规多轴联动铣削效率低,使用设备复杂,加工成本高。因此,提出了基于矩形阵列数控机床(三轴联动)的超硬磨料数控磨抛倒圆工艺系统。其中,利用超硬磨料数控磨削抛光组合工艺,解决了倒圆铣削加工效率低且不能保证表面质量的问题,加工完成后榫头侧边圆角轮廓度可达20μm。而采用多主轴矩形阵列数控机床(三轴联动)后相较原来的多轴加工中心大幅度降低了设备的使用成本,且单个榫头侧边圆角加工时间缩短在180s内,为采用更多主轴矩形阵列机床加工奠定了基础。

Aero-engine turbine blade is the core part of the engine,and blade processing is usually based on blade tenon as the process datum,so the machining of blade tenon has a crucial impact on the whole blade.For the fillet of blade tenon side,now the common CNC processing technology in factories is:first in the multi-axis machining center for milling and then mechanical finishing.However,conventional multi-axis simultaneous milling has low efficiency,complex equipment and high processing cost.Therefore,based on the rectangular array CNC machine tool(3-axis simultaneous),this paper presents the process system of superhard abrasive grinding,polishing and rounding.Among,the combined process of NC grinding and polishing with superhard abrasive solves the problem of low machining efficiency and poor surface quality of inverted milling,and the accuracy of the rounded corner on the side of the mortise can be up to 20μm.The use of multi-spindle rectangular array CNC machine tool(3-axis simultaneous)greatly reduces the cost of equipment compared to the original multi-axis machining center,and the machining time of a single tenon side fillet is shortened within 180 seconds,laying a foundation for the use of more spindle machine tool rectangular array machining.