云南省野生动物收容救护情况调查分析

Investigation and Analysis of Wildlife Handling and Rescue in Yunnan Province

收容救护野生动物的救护结果,可概括为“放归野外”“康复饲养”“调配”“救护失败死亡”4种。对云南省2014—2017年期间收容救护野生动物4种救护结果的动物种类、数量和数量占比调查,结果发现:(1)全省共87科超过274种22110只收容救护野生动物归属不同的救护结果。其中:救护成功的动物放归野外超过167种,14552只,占66%;康复饲养超过145种2610只,占12%;调配超过30种339只,占1%;救护失败死亡的动物超过211种,4609只,占21%。(2)放归的动物类群集中,部分动物放归错误或不合理,某类群动物康复饲养数量多,被救护动物死亡率高。(3)放归技术不完善,没有操作规范,调配的合理性未得到重视,落后的救护机构现状与动物救护需求巨大矛盾等因素是形成此现象主要原因。相关部门应建设完整的野生动物收容救护组织架构,增加野生动物收容救护编制,加大财政资金投入。建设在救护某一类群动物方面有突出能力的“专科医院”式收容救护机构。根据动物生活习性选择地点,建设适合不同类群动物的场地笼舍,提供设备设施。制定收容救护工作关键节点规范。加强救护技术交流、培训,提高技术能力。

The outcomes of wildlife handling and rescue can be summarized as“return to the wild”,“captive breeding”,“utilizing”,and“failure and death”.We summarized the species and numbers of rescued wildlife and the consequences of rescue in Yunnan Province during 2014-2017.Over the four-year period,22110 individuals of 274 species and 87 families were rescued.Among these,14552 individuals(66%)of 167 species were successfully rescued(returned to the wild);2610 individuals(12%)of 145 species recover during rehabilitation;339 individuals(1%)of 30 species were utilized;and 4609 individuals(21%)of 211 species died.Released wildlife were limited to certain species,some animals were released incorrectly or unreasonably.Some species were rehabilitated and raised in large numbers in captivity,and the mortality rate of rescued animals was high.We attributed these outcomes to imperfect techniques for animal release,lack of standardized protocols for rescue operations,failure to address potentials for rescued animals in captive breeding or other conservation programs,and limited capacities of rescue institutions to manage the pressing need for animal rescue.Government departments should build effective infrastructure for wildlife rescue,including increased numbers of staff,greater financial support,and development of“specialty hospitals”or rescue institutions with outstanding capabilities for certain groups of animals.Specific needs include construction of cages suitable for different groups of animals,provision of required equipment and facilities,formulation of key node specifications for rescue work,and strengthening rescue technical exchanges and training to enhance technical capabilities.