立锥式小区花生脱壳装置的优化与试验

Optimization and Experiment on Peanut Shelling Device with Vertical Tapered Drum for Test Plots

花生科研涉及的小区种植试验具有品种多、处理多、重复多等特点,而每个小区需单独脱壳处理。因尚无满足要求的小区花生脱壳机,科研人员只能手工花生脱壳,工作十分繁重且影响花生科研效率。为研制出适应花生科研的小批量、破损率低、清种方便的小区花生脱壳机,在已研制的立锥式小区花生脱壳机及其试验基础上,重点进行了脱壳装置主要结构及参数优化,加工出第二代样机并进行了验证试验。针对原有立锥式小区花生脱壳装置存在的荚果下移速度较慢、环锥形脱壳间隙上端间隙过大、脱壳强度较小和脱壳损伤率与脱壳效率有待提高等问题,经过理论分析和综合判断,对脱壳装置的锥凹板和锥滚筒结构参数、环锥形脱壳间隙和锥滚筒的脱壳棱筋参数等进行了优化,同时将均料锥的螺旋叶片数从6个减少到4个。根据优化后的参数研制出新一轮样机,进行了验证试验。以四粒红品种为试验对象,以脱净率和破损率为指标,以锥滚筒转速n、锥凹板半锥角α和脱壳棱筋升角β为因素进行三因素三水平试验及响应面分析。结果表明:锥滚筒转速、锥凹板半锥角和脱壳棱筋升角对试验指标的影响极为显著。经双目标优化得到最优参数值,参数圆整后的样机试验表明,在转速320r·min-1、锥凹板半锥角30°、棱筋升角45°时脱壳综合指标最优,脱净率97.34%,破损率2.27%,优于行业标准,较好地满足了小区育种花生脱壳要求。该研究为科研小区种植试验用花生脱壳机的设计及优化提供了有效途径。

Many experiments for peanut scientific research require more suitable shellers which can adapt small amount, different pod sizes, convenient and clear. However, few community peanut shellers can meet the requirements currently. Peanuts can only be shelled by hand. In order to meet the urgent need for scientific research, based on the development and test of the vertical tapered shell peanut sheller, the main parameters of the shelling device were optimized, and the prototype was processed and verified. A comprehensive analysis was carried out on the problems of the vertical tapered drum peanut sheller, such as slow downward movement of pod, small upper shucking strength and large shucking damage rate. The main structural parameters of the tapered screen, the tapered drum, the shelling ribs and the distributing taper were optimized. According to the optimized parameters, a new prototype was developed and validated. "Silihong" varieties were used as test objects, the decontamination rate and breakage rate were taken as indicators, and the rotation speed of the roller n, the semi-taper angle of tapered screen α, and the angle of the hull ribs β were taken as factors, a three-factor, three-level test and response surface analysis were conducted.The results showed that all of three factors had significant effects on indicators. The optimal parameter value was obtained through dual-objective optimization, and the prototype test after parameter roundness showed that when the rotating speed of the shelling drum was 320 r·min-1, the semi-taper angle of the screen was 30°,and the angle of the hull ribs β was 45°,the comprehensive index of shelling was the best,the removal rate was 97.24%,and the breakage rate was 2.27%,which is superior to industry standard and better matched the requirements of plot peanut shelling. So this study provides an effective way for the design and optimization of peanut sheller for test plots scientific research.