意大利学派建筑类型与类型学——从穆拉托利到阿尔多·罗西

Type and Typology of Italian School--From Muratori to Aldo Rossi

建筑类型学出现于18世纪欧洲启蒙运动时期,是一门用于建筑物、建造环境物理结构形式或其他特征分析和分类的对比研究学科。文章通过对两位意大利新理性主义建筑理论先驱穆拉托利和阿尔多·罗西的建筑学类型学理论思想和建筑方案分析,进而对意大利学派建筑类型学研究的成因和发展过程进行简要的介绍。对于西方建筑类型和类型学的讨论,不仅能够帮助我们认识建筑学研究的基本原则和建筑空间的基本形式,同样可以增强我们发现不同文化、地域特征影响下的建筑物和建造环境之间具有类型学共性所呈现的潜在联系性的能力,能够给予当今建筑师一个分析、认识和设计所建环境的全新角度。

Typology,a comparative study in the analysis and classification of physical structures or other features of architectures and building environments,appeared in the 18 th century European Enlightenment.This paper gives a brief introduction to the causes and development process of the Italian typology research by analyzing the theory and architectural solutions of the two Italian Neo-rationalism architecture theoretic pioneer,Muratori and Aldo Rossi.The discussion of Western architectural types and typology not only can help us understand the basic principles of architecture research and the basic forms of architecture space,but also can enhances our ability to discover the potential continuity between architectures and building environments under the influence of different cultures and regional features.It gives today’s architects a new perspective on the urban environment in which they are analyzed,understood and designed.