英格兰风土建筑类型考

The Vernacular Architecture of Typological Schemata System in England

风土建筑即特定时代由工匠营造的地域建筑,视其为乡村景观的物质载体、民俗文化传统的社会认同、居住流徙的历史印记乃至民族国家的建筑语言。英国学界作为该领域核心,其研究萌芽产生于16世纪,确立于19世纪末,成型于20世纪70年代。文章通过各郡乡村实地调研与历史档案梳理,借助田野调查编码体系并辅助以详实的文献考据,以期总结英格兰风土建筑衍生规律。研究表明:英格兰风土建筑在地域划分、房屋演进模式和年代分布上具备明显的类型谱系特点和内生逻辑。文章通过学术主题的总结分析,结合"乡村大重建时代"(The Great Rebuilding)理论,提出风土建筑带(Vernacular Zone)假说,并拟定2个建筑原型所衍生的27个类型图谱,最后就中华风土建筑学术进行讨论。

The vernacular architecture is a regional building created by craftsmen in a specific time,it is also regarded as the material carrier of rural landscape,social identity of folk culture and tradition,historical imprint of residence and migration,and even the architectural language of nation-state.The article is based on field investigations and historical archives in the counties and villages,with a view to summarizing the derived laws of English local architecture.The research results show that the vernacular architecture of England has obvious pedigree characteristics in terms of geographical division,house evolution model and age distribution.Through the summary analysis of this academic theme,the paper discusses the field investigation and development of Chinese vernacular architecture.