苏轼及其作品在宋元题画文学中的传播与接受

The Study of Su Shi and His Works'Dissemination and Acceptance in the Painting Literature of Song and Yuan Dynasties

宋元两代是史上题画文学创作的高峰期,留存下大量与苏轼相关的题画作品。根据题材内容对这些画作进行归纳,可大致分为肖像画、故实画和诗(文)意画三种类型。在宋元题画文学中,苏轼的身份形象主要被塑造为“文才盖世的坡仙”“仕途坎坷的士子”以及“超然达观的贬客”。随着社会环境与文化心态的变化,元人的题写对象主要集中在《东坡笠屐图》上,东坡戴笠著屐的形象被广泛接受并深入人心。苏轼的经典文学作品也常被画家写入画图成为元画的常见题材,如前后《赤壁赋》在绘画世界的影响甚至远超出文学领域,文学与图像携手促进了苏轼诗文被接受以至经典化的历程。此外,宋元文人在题写苏轼相关画作时,常论及苏轼的创作风格与文艺思想,如“嬉笑怒骂,皆成文章”“字岌飞动,气老笔纵”“融会变化,集为大成”等,具有重要的文学批评价值。

Song and Yuan dynasties were the peak period of the painting literary creation in history,and a large number of painting literary works related to Su Shi remain.According to the subject matter,these paintings can be classified into three types:portrait painting,allusion-oriented painting and poetry(literary)painting.The relevant texts strongly narrate the value of literary and artistic history behind the images.Su Shi was portrayed as"The Po Xian who is a literary genius","An undesirable official"and"A demoted official who is Broad-minded".With the development of the times,the image of Su Shi has changed a lot in the painting literary works of Yuan Dynasty.People in the Yuan Dynasty liked the picture,in which Su Shi wore the Douli and clogs,which accorded with their natural and unrestrained character.In addition,the classical literary works of Su shi in Yuan Dynasty were often written into paintings,such as The Red Cliff Ode,which becomes the object that people like to write about.Finally,when describing Su Shi's related paintings,scholars in Song and Yuan Dynasty often discussed Su Shi's creative style and artistic ideas,such as"laughing and scolding,all become articles","in old age,articles got exactly the results desired","great achievements through fusion and change"and so on,which has great value in literary criticism.