甘南高原现代牧业制度的优劣势与转型研究——以玛曲为例

Research on the Advantages, Disadvantages and Transformation of Modern Pastoral System in Gannan Plateau--Take Maqu as An Example

以玛曲草地为代表的甘南高原生态经济面临着功能衰退、家畜生产性能低及牧区经济模式落后的突出问题,分析草原制度变迁和制度优劣,探索适应牧民家庭放牧管理条件阶段变动的放牧权流转制度,实现草地生产力的可持续维持与牧民家庭放牧资源的动态结合。高原生态经济发展既要注重草地生态环境的保护,同时又要考虑不以牺牲当地牧民的生活生计和当地经济发展问题。从四个方面对玛曲畜牧业经济转型进行了研究,对玛曲的传统畜牧业经济提出了改造方案。

The ecological economy of the Gannan Plateaurepresented by the Maqu grassland facedprominent problems such as functional decline, low livestock production performance, and backward economic models in pastoral areas. In order to achieve the sustainable maintenance of grassland productivity and the dynamic combination of pastoral family grazing resources, this paperanalyzed the changes in the grassland system and the advantages and disadvantages of the system, and explored the grazing rights that adapt to the changes in herdsman’s family grazing management conditions. It thought that the ecological and economic development of the plateau should not only pay attention to the protection of grassland ecological environment, but also consider the issue of local herdsmen’s livelihood and local economic development at the same time. This paper studied the transformation of Maqu’s animal husbandry economy from four aspects and proposed a transformation plan for the traditional animal husbandry economy of Maqu.