第一次世界大战中德国新教教会的战争观探析

The Attitudes of the German Protestant Churches Towards the First World War

从以威廉二世为首的德国新教最高主教和新教神学家乃至新教牧师等各级神职人员对第一次世界大战进行的宣传以及各种战前和战中布道的事实来看,当时的德国新教教会对一战是持有积极支持态度的。不仅如此,德国新教教会还因其巨大的影响力而成为当时的主要宣传媒介。在德国政界和教界的双重宣传下,当时的多数民众完全信服这场战争的正义性和合理性,并对战争产生了狂热心态,年轻人更是踊跃应征入伍。由此可见,德国新教教会对于第一次世界大战中德国民众盲目的战争激情负有不可推卸的责任。德国新教教会的这种战争观是政教密切结合和宗教为政治服务的结果,同时也映射出新教教会的自身危机感。对德国新教教会在一战中的战争观进行探讨和研析有助于促进理性对待宗教,避免宗教信仰被利用,成为挑动战争和鼓吹极端思想的工具,从而防止历史悲剧再次上演。

According to the propaganda of the First World War by the German Protestant supreme bishop and Protestant theologians headed by William II and the Protestant clergymen at all levels,as well as the fact of preaching before and during the war,the German Protestant church at that time had a positive attitude towards the first World War.Not only that,the Protestant church in Germany also became the main media because of its great influence.Under the dual propaganda of German political and religious circles,most of the people at that time were fully convinced of the justice and rationality of the war,and had a fanatical attitude towards the war.Young people were even more eager to join the army.It can be seen that the Protestant Church of Germany should shoulder an undeniable responsibility for the blind passion of the German people for the war in the First World War.This view of war of the Protestant church in Germany is the result of the close combination of politics and religion as well as the service of religion for politics.At the same time,it also reflects the Protestant church’s own sense of crisis.The discussion and analysis of the war views of Protestant churches in Germany in World War I will help to promote the rational treatment of religion,avoiding use of religious beliefs as a tool to incite war and advocate extreme thoughts,so as to prevent the historical tragedy from happening again.