人工智能与教育变革:前景、困难和策略

Artificial intelligence and Educational Reform:Prospects,Difficulties,and Strategies

目前,人类正在加速进入人工智能时代,在教育领域,人工智能究竟有什么价值,会遇到什么困难和障碍,应该怎么去突破呢?该文系统回答了这几个问题。该文首先梳理了人工智能的概念、三大学派、三次发展浪潮及发展趋势,回顾了人工智能教育应用的不同历史发展阶段,在此基础上,系统分析了人工智能在实现个性化自适应学习、辅助教师工作、提升管理效率方面具备的核心教育价值及美好前景,探讨了人工智能教育应用面临的技术层、伦理层、系统层、效果层等方面的困难和障碍,提出了加强人工智能基础研究、普及人工智能教育、促进教育流程再造、加强教育基础(学习科学)研究等相应的发展策略,最后展望了未来的发展之路。

At present,human beings are accelerating into the era of Artificial Intelligence(AI).While,what is the value of AI in the field of education?What difficulties and obstacles will we encounter in education,and how can we make breakthrough?This paper systematically answers the above questions.Firstly,the concept,three schools,three development waves and development trends are clearly summarized.Then different historical development stages of AI applied in education are reviewed.On this basis,core educational value and bright prospect of AI are systematically analyzed in the realization of personalized adaptive learning,assisting teachers’work and improving management efficiency.Moreover,difficulties and obstacles while applying AI in education are discussed,from the perspective of technique,ethics,system,and effect,etc.Developing strategies are also put forward,in strengthening the foundational research of AI,popularizing AI education,promoting educational process reengineering,and strengthening basic educational research(e.g.Learning Sciences).Finally,prospects for future development are proposed.