皖中和皖北圩寨的类型及其防御性特征

The Categories and Defensive Characteristics of Wei Zhai in Central and Northern Anhui Province

圩子,亦称围子,本意指"围绕村落四周的障碍物",后指一种带有防御性质的安徽民居类型,也称圩寨。皖中及皖北地区于清朝中后期修筑了大量的圩寨。圩寨这一特殊民居类型的出现和发展,与当时的历史阶段和地域条件有着密切的关系。圩寨主要分为官圩和捻圩两大类,官圩又包括普通村民圩和士绅居住的庄园圩。圩寨的主要特征体现在防御性方面,其内部的空间分布及其防御性的特征与其内部组成元素的不同有着紧密的联系。圩寨与江淮地区典型的民居建筑风格的特征有相似的地方,但也有很大的不同,体现了皖中北地区人们在战乱年代的生活方式、态度及智慧。

Wei Zi,also named Wei Zi or Wei Zhai,originally refers to"the obstacles around the village",but now represents a type of defensive traditional dwellings in Anhui province.A large number of Wei Zhai were built from the middle to late Qing Dynasty in central and northern Anhui province.The emergence and development of this unique type of dwelling associated with peculiar historical background and geographical conditions at that time.Wei Zhai is mainly divided into two categories:one is for officials while the other is for Nien.The one for officials is also comprised by two parts:one is for general villagers while the other is lord manor.The main characteristic of Wei Zhai is its defensiveness.The interior spatial distribution and defending features are closely related to its different internal components.Wei Zhai is similar to typical residential architecture in areas between Yangtze River and Huai River,but also different in some ways.It shows the lifestyle,attitude and wisdom of people who lived in central and northern Anhui during the wars.