20世纪初美国法学与心理学的交叉研究及反思

Reflection on the Interdisciplinary Research of Law and Psychology of the Early 20th Century in America

二十世纪初,美国法学进行了一场与心理学的交叉研究尝试。心理学家闵斯特伯格首倡进行法学与心理学的交叉研究,受到著名法学家威格摩尔的激烈反击以及一些心理学家的反对。但是,也有部分心理学家随后开始进行法律行为实验研究及法律心理学研究,法学界的著名学者哈钦斯针对一系列具体主题进行法学与心理学的交叉研究,而威格摩尔在反击之后也开始在这一领域展开研究。此次交叉研究为二战后行为法学派在美国法学界的兴起提供了基础。我们可以由此思考法学对于交叉研究的接受度,以及那个时代心理学影响法学研究的可能。并通过20世纪美国法学各类交叉研究的繁荣,反思我国当下司法实践的现代化变革及法学研究范式的发展。

In the early 20 th century, interdisciplinary research of law and psychology took place in the American fields of law. The initiative of Muensterberg, a psychologist, that aims at interdisciplinary research of law and psychology met with the dissention of the well-known jurist, Wigmore and some other psychologists. However, some of the psychologists proceeded to experiment on legal behavior and began the research of legal psychology. In the meanwhile, another famous jurist, Hutchins took on the interdisciplinary research focusing on series of specific issues. After dispute, Wigmore also followed to conduct his research on the same field. This interdisciplinary research laid the foundation of knowledge and ideas for the rise of the theory combining behaviorism with law after WW Ⅱ. Thus, we can think about the acceptability of law to interdisciplinary research and the possibility of psychology influencing law at that time. Through the prosperity of interdisciplinary of American legal research in the 20 th century, we can rethinks on the modernization of judicial practice and the development of legal research paradigm in the contemporary China.