不同贮藏温度条件下3个烟草品种花粉活力、形态及生理指标变化

Pollen Viability,Morphology and Physiological Indexes of Three Tobacco Varieties at Different Storage Temperatures

以烟草品种N.rustica、Maryland 609和云烟85花粉为试验材料,研究不同贮藏温度条件下参试烟草品种花粉的活力、形态及相关生理指标的变化。以烟草品种N.rustica冻存花粉活力检测结果为例,在-196℃和-80℃保存条件下,花粉贮藏16个月后活力分别为0.64±0.06和0.65±0.09,与贮藏前0.66±0.04相比,未出现显著下降,而4℃贮藏的花粉在保存5个月后即丧失活力。花粉电镜图片显示,在-196℃和-80℃贮藏条件下,花粉形态仍然规则饱满,而4℃条件下贮藏16个月的花粉则发生皱缩、畸形,萌发沟扭曲。-196℃贮藏条件下N.rustica的花粉可溶性糖含量(309.276mg/g)、可溶性蛋白含量(55.216mg/g)、游离氨基酸总量(15.817μmol/mg)、脯氨酸含量(1.596mg/g)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性(4.284U/g)均显著高于4℃贮藏条件下的花粉;-80℃贮藏条件下花粉脯氨酸含量(1.626mg/g)和SOD活性(5.546U/g)高于-196℃(液氮)条件下贮藏的花粉,可能与不同温度下花粉冻结速度有关。结果表明,-196℃和-80℃条件下保存对烟草花粉的活力保持更有利。

The tobacco varieties N.rustica,Maryland 609 and Yunyan 85 pollen were used as experimental materials to study the changes of pollen viability,morphology and related physiological indicator of tobacco varieties under different storage temperatures.Taking the tobacco pollen viability test results of N.rustica as an example,the pollen viability stored for 16 months at-196℃and-80℃was 0.64±0.06 and 0.65±0.09 respectively,and there was no significant decrease compared with that before storage(0.66±0.04).The pollen lost its vitality after 5 months storage at 4℃.Electron micrographs of the pollen stored under conditions of-196℃and-80℃showed that the pollen morphology was still full,while the pollens stored at 4℃were shrunken and deformed,the germination grooves were distorted.Solule sugar content(309.276mg/g),soluble protein content(55.216mg/g),total free amino acid content(15.817μmol/mg),free proline content(1.596mg/g),SOD activity(4.284U/g)of pollen stored at-196℃was significantly higher than that at 4℃.Pollen free proline content(1.626mg/g)and SOD activity(5.546U/g)stored at-80℃were higher than that of-196℃.The difference maybe due to the freezing speed at different temperature conditions.The results showed that preservation at-196℃and-80℃were more favorable for preserving pollen viability of tobacco.