泌尿外科组织工程的发展现状及展望

Development and prospect of tissue engineering in urology

基于组织工程学的组织工程技术和干细胞研究在克服组织器官损伤、修复组织器官功能缺失及减少手术并发症等问题上现已取得很大进展。以往传统方法是利用生物替代材料修复组织,而组织工程技术注重将种子细胞与生物材料结合,形成与自身组织结构和功能相同的生物组织来修复组织缺损,优势在于通过组织工程技术可克服供体材料获取的局限性,并能有效减少并发症。组织工程技术的研究目的便是找到最终能很好替代原有组织生物学功能的合适的种子细胞、生物材料,构建适合的体内微环境。本文主要描述目前泌尿外科学中各领域组织工程的发展现状,探讨组织工程技术应用于治疗复杂泌尿系统疾病的未来趋势。本文研究结果显示,尽管目前临床试验还相对较少,但现有研究在动物模型上取得的良好结果揭示了组织工程技术今后用于治疗各种泌尿系统疾病的光明前景。

Tissue engineering technology and stem cell research based on tissue engineering have made great progresses in overcoming the problems of tissue and organ damage, functional loss and surgical complications.Traditional method is to use biological substitute materials to repair tissues, while tissue engineering technology focuses on combining seed cells with biological materials to form biological tissues with the same structure and function as its own to repair tissue defects. The advantage is that such tissue engineering organs and tissues can solve the problem that the donor material is limited, and effectively reduce complications. The purpose of tissue engineering is to find suitable seed cells and biomaterials which can replace the biological function of original tissue and build suitable microenvironment in vivo. This paper mainly describes current technologies of tissue engineering in various fields of urology, and discusses the future trend of tissue engineering technology in the treatment of complex urinary diseases. The results of this study show that although there are relatively few clinical trials, the good results of the existing studies on animal models reveal a bright future of tissue engineering technology for the treatment of various urinary diseases.