情景浸润联合交互式培训模式在低年资护士预防及处理压疮培训中的应用效果

Effect of using scenario infiltration joint interactive training mode for junior nurse training in the prevention and treatment of pressure sore

目的探讨情景浸润联合交互式培训模式在低年资护士预防及处理压疮培训中的应用效果。方法空军军医大学第一附属医院2017年7月—2018年7月入职的118名低年资护士符合入选标准,采用随机数字表法分为常规培训组[男2名、女57名,年龄(23.9±1.2)岁]和情景浸润联合交互式培训组[男3名、女56名,年龄(23.5±1.3)岁],进行前瞻性随机对照试验研究。培训前采用培训小组自行制订的关于预防及处理压疮的理论试卷及操作要求考核2组护士,针对薄弱点制订包括3个主题的培训内容。常规培训组护士进行大课堂多媒体教学,每周针对1个主题进行1次授课,每次2 h。情景浸润联合交互式培训组护士通过分阶段情景浸润联合交互式培训模式实施培训,培训护士通过网络自主学习2周后进行现场多媒体理论及操作示教与互动。培训后再次对2组护士进行理论及操作考核;自行设计满意度调查问卷,收集2组护士对培训模式、培训效果、课程设计的满意度评分及对培训相关内容满意度开放性问题的回答。通过培训小组自行设计的课程内容需求调查问卷,了解2组护士对课程内容的需求情况。对数据行χ^2检验、独立样本t检验。结果(1)培训前,常规培训组护士压疮预防和处理理论和操作考核得分分别为(78±11)、(83±10)分,与情景浸润联合交互式培训组的(79±11)、(84±10)分相近(t=0.522、0.615,P>0.05)。培训后,情景浸润联合交互式培训组护士压疮预防和处理理论和操作考核得分分别为(90±8)、(92±5)分,明显高于常规培训组的(82±10)、(85±9)分(t=4.581、5.259,P<0.01)。(2)情景浸润联合交互式培训组护士对培训模式、课程设计、培训效果的满意度评分明显高于常规培训组(t=5.169、7.976、4.463,P<0.01)。2组护士均对培训内容满意,对课时及考核方式不满意。(3)培训护士对课程内容需求最大的为Ⅱ~Ⅲ期压疮的处理方法,占81.36%(96/118)。结论情景浸润联合交互式培训通过灵活的培训模式、合理的课程设计和培训内容,显著提高了培训护士的压疮预防和处理理论知识及操作水平,得到培训护士的认可。

Objective To explore the application effect of scenario infiltration joint interactive training mode for junior nurse training in the prevention and treatment of pressure sore.Methods A total of 118 junior nurses starting to work in the First Affiliated Hospital of Air Force Medical University from July 2017 to July 2018 met the inclusion criteria and were divided into routine training(RT)group and scenario infiltration joint interactive training(SIJIT)group using the random number table for prospective randomized controlled trial.There were 2 males and 57 females,aged(23.9±1.2)years in RT group and 3 males and 56 females,aged(23.5±1.3)years in SIJIT group.Before the training,nurses in both groups received theory and practical tests for the prevention and treatment of pressure sore with a homemade theory test paper and operation requirements designed by the training group.The training content was drawn up in 3 themes according to the weak points shown in the test.Nurses in RT group were trained in a large classroom with the help of multimedia teaching technique,and one lesson of 2 h targeting one theme was given once a week.Nurses in SIJIT group were trained by using the SIJIT mode,with online self-study for 2 weeks and then multimedia theory and practical teaching,and interaction in scene.After the training,theoretical and practical tests were conducted again in nurses of two groups.Satisfaction scores of nurses for the training mode,training effect,and curriculum design and answers to open questions about the degree of training satisfaction were investigated through homemade questionnaire for satisfaction degree.Homemade training contents and requirements questionnaire designed by the training group was used to understand the demands of nurses for training contents and requirements in 2 groups.Data were statistically analyzed with chi-square test and independent sample t test.Results(1)The theoretical and practical scores on the prevention and treatment of pressure sore before the training were(78±11)and(83±10)points respectively in RT group,similar to(79±11)and(84±10)points in SIJIT group(t=0.522,0.615,P>0.05).The theoretical and operational scores on prevention and treatment of pressure score of nurses after the training were(90±8)and(92±5)points in SIJIT group,significantly higher than(82±10)and(85±9)points in RT group(t=4.581,5.259,P<0.01).(2)The satisfaction degree scores for training mode,curriculum design,and training effect of nurses in SIJIT group were significantly higher than those in RT group(t=5.169,7.976,4.463,P<0.01).Nurses in the 2 groups were satisfied with the curriculum content,and unsatisfied with the curriculum time and the ways of test.(3)The top demand of the training nurses for curriculum content was the treatment of phaseⅡ-Ⅲpressure sore,accounting for 81.36%(96/118).Conclusions The SIJIT has flexible training mode,and reasonable curriculum design and content,which significantly improves the theoretical and operational levels on prevention and treatment of pressure sore of the training nurses and receives recognition of the training nurses.