《难经》第七十五难浅析

Analysis of the 75th Difficulty in Nan Jing

《难经》第七十五难提出东方实、西方虚之病证,首创以泻南方、补北方的方法来治疗,还提到"子能令母实,母能令子虚""不能治其虚,何问其余"。此难的病机为东方实、西方虚,肝、肺两脏的自身本质决定了肝易实而肺易虚,并无其他脏器因素的影响,且当以东方实为主、为标,西方虚为次、为本;泻南方、补北方可从多个角度达到治疗东方实、西方虚的目的,前期应侧重于泻南方治东方实,后期应侧重于补北方以治西方虚。"子能令母实,母能令子虚"中母均为水(木之母),子均为火(木之子)。"子能令母实"与泻南方相对应,指泻南方火,使南方火虚,水更容易克火,水的消耗减少了,是为"子能令母实"。"母能令子虚"与补北方相对应,指补北方水,北方水盛则克火之力大,火气更虚,从而"母能令子虚"。"治虚"为治西方虚及北方虚,具体做法则是补北方水,通过子不食母,补北方水的同时使西方金慢慢恢复。泻实容易而补虚难,泻南方待东方木实证已去,仍需继续补北方,缓缓图之,西方金、北方水充足,方才使东方实、西方虚的情况不再容易发生,故言"不能治其虚,何问其余"。

The seventy-fifth difficulty in Nan Jing discussed the symptoms of Eastern Reality and Western Deficiency and the method of Xie Nan Bu Bei was proposed. In this book it was also proposed that " Zi can tonify Mu and Mu can exaust Zi" and " dealing with deficiency is critical". The pathogenesis of the 75 th Difficulty is Liver excessiveness and Lung deficiency,which is due to nature of the two Zangs. Furthermore,the former should be the main focus and main symptom while the latter should be the opposite.Xie Nan Bu Bei method can achieve the clinical purpose of solving the problem. During the early stage,Xie Nan can deal with Liver excessiveness,while during the late stage,Bu Bei can deal with Lung deficiency. As to the case of " Zi can tonify Mu and Mu can exaust Zi",Mu refers to Kidney Water,which is the Mu of Liver,which Zi refers to Heart Fire,which is the Zi of Liver. " Zi tonifying Mu" is corresponding to Xie Nan,both of which means to restrain the Fire so as to reduce the consumption of Water,which eventual achieve the outcome of " Zi tonifying Mu". " Mu can exaust Zi" is corresponding to Bu Bei,both of which means to strengthen the powder of restraining Fire,which would lead to the deficiency of Fire. Therefore,tonifying deficiency means to tonifying Lung and Kidney. The specific operation is to tonifying Kidney to avoid Kidney consuming Lung,which would lead to the recovery of Lung. However,it is easy to Xie the excessiveness while it is hard to Bu the deficiency. Therefore,after the Liver excessiveness syndrome being removed by Xie Nan,the Kidney Water should be tonified for a long time,so as to ensure the adequate amount of Kidney and Lung Yin,and eventually to keep the balance of Liver and Lung,hence the proposition of " dealing with deficiency is critical".