空中发射初始状态对运载火箭有效载荷的影响

Effect of Initial State of Air-launch on Payload of Launch Vehicle

目前,国内外针对空中发射技术的研究多集中于火箭分离过程中的数值模拟和气动特性方面,而有关空中发射对运载火箭有效载荷影响程度的研究鲜少涉及。研究空中发射初始状态对运载火箭有效载荷的影响,通过对飞行轨道的模型简化,建立火箭飞行的数学模型,定量地分析发射高度和发射速度对火箭入轨后有效载荷的影响。结果表明:提高发射高度可以明显地增加有效载荷,但发射高度在10 km之上继续增加,对有效载荷的提升并无良好效果;提升发射速度可以显著地增加有效载荷,并且发射速度对有效载荷的影响更大。因此,考虑空中发射的经济性,设置初始发射高度约为10 km,并尽可能提高初始发射速度的方案是较为合理的。

At present, the research on air launch technology at home and abroad focuses on the numerical simulation and aerodynamic characteristics in the process of rocket separation, while the research on the impact of air launch on the payload of launch vehicle is rarely involved. The influence of the initial state of air-launch on the payload of the launch vehicle is studied. By simplifying the model of the flight orbit, the mathematical model of the rocket flight is first established and then the influence of the launch height and the launch velocity on the payload of the rocket after entering the orbit is quantitatively analyzed. The results show that increasing the launch height can effectively increase the payload, but if the launch height is increased beyond 10 km, the increase in payload is not as significant as before. Increasing the launch velocity can significantly increase the payload, and the launch velocity is more significant for the payload increase. Therefore, considering the economics of air-launch, it is more appropriate to set an initial launch height of 10 km and to increase the initial launch speed as much as possible.