向上流动的心理代价:农村大学生的情感体验研究

Psychological Cost of Upward Mobility:Research on the Emotional Experience of Rural College Students

多数社会学家认为社会流动使个体在情感体验上“受益”,但也有学者提出流动带来的是“离解”效应。通过对知乎网站“农村大学生”话题的数据以及深度访谈的分析,发现处于社会流动过程的农村大学生虽有积极情感体验,但也有被忽视和压抑的消极情感体验,进而支持整合“离解”与“受益”效应的解释。这种体验以“心路历程回溯”与“阶层旅行比较”两种逻辑联结起身份认同、教育流动、阶层忠诚及阶层位置等主题。对长距离流动者而言,积极体验是一种“突围的成就感”,因为获取了目标阶层文化资本;消极体验是“离开的煎熬”,主要是对原始阶层的忠诚带来的压力。对短距离流动者而言,积极体验是一种“投入的充实感”,在于流动者广泛的实践性参与;消极体验是一种“位置的焦虑”,是因为生存境遇所致。研究结论为当前农村大学生的校园与职场适应的干预措施提供了新的视角。

Most sociologists think that the individuals“benefits”from the social mobility in emotional experience,but some scholars also propose that the mobility brings“dissociation”effect.Through the analysis of data and in-depth interviews on the topic of“rural college students”,it is found that although the rural college students in the process of social mobility have positive emotional experiences,they also have negative emotional experience that is ignored and suppressed,which supports the interpretation of the integration of“separation”and“benefit”effect.This kind of experience connects the themes of identity,education flow,class loyalty and class position with two kinds of logics,i.e.“mind journey backtracking”and“class travel comparison”.For the long-distance migrants,the positive experience is a kind of“breakthrough sense of achievement”,because they have acquired the cultural capital of the target class;the negative experience is the“pain of leaving”,mainly the pressure of loyalty to the original class.For the short-distance migrants,the positive experience is a kind of“sense of fulfillment of investment”,which lies in the wide practical participation of the migrants;the negative experience is a kind of“anxiety of position”,which is caused by the living situation.The conclusion of the study provides a new perspective for the current intervention measures of college students’adaptation to the campus and workplace.