公私法汇流的闸口——转介视角下的网络经营者安全保障义务

The Gateway of Confluence between Public Law and Private Law Security Obligation of Network Operators from the Perspective of Switch-over

我国在公法和私法维度上均存在大量的安全保障义务条款,安全保障义务已经成为一种融合各维度立法的体系。安全保障义务通过转介的方式对接了公法体系中的安全保障要求,是公法与私法相互工具化的管道性条款。但在将公法规范以转介方式注入私法并适用于网络经营者时,可能引发民法体系内部责任竞合、公法与私法之间的体系性碰撞和责任重合、转介条款与被转介条款的时间错位、程序繁简不均造成救济困境等问题。合理界定网络经营者的安全保障义务,需要注意公共治理与私权维护可能存在的目标偏离并合理把握注意义务的标准。

China has a large number of security obligation clauses in both public and private law.Security obligation has become a system that integrates legislation of all dimensions.In the manner of"switch-over",security obligation connects the requirements of safety protection in public law,whichis a channel clause of mutual instrumentalization between public and private law.However,when switching over public law norms into private law and applying them to network operators,it may lead to problems such as the concurrence of liabilities within the civil law system,the systematic collision and coincidence of liabilities between public and private law,the time dislocation of switch over and switched-over clause,and the imbalance of complicated and summary procedures leading to relief difficulties.In order to define security obligation of network operators reasonably,attention is required to the possible goal deviationbetween public governance and private right protection,so that a reasonable standard of duty of care can be established.