危险现实化评价的类型构造

Typology of Risk Actualization Assessment

必须回溯至结果归责评价的法理基础,才能克服危险现实化理论的结构性缺陷。预防论和报应论提供了危险现实化理论的法理基础,两者统一于对现实因果流程的支配或利用可能性。根据支配或利用因果流程方式的不同,危险现实化可被划分为直接、间接以及混合的危险现实化。在直接的危险现实化中,作为预见对象的是实行行为的危险性。行为主体预见到自然介入因素,可直接肯定间接的危险现实化;当介入因素是人的行为时,只有决定行为选择的自由意思能被忽略不计,才可以肯定间接的危险现实化。对非同一主体创设的混合的危险现实化,具有作为义务者能回避结果发生时,原则上应将结果归责于介入行为;对同一主体创设的混合危险现实化评价,不受累积因果关系和疑罪从无原则的影响。

In order to overcome the structural deficiencies of the theory of risk actualization,it is necessary to return to the legal basis of the Erfolgszurechnung.The Prevention Theory and the Retribution Theory provide the legal basis of the theory of risk actualization.And both theories are unified in the possibility of dominating and utilizing the actual causal process.According to the different ways in which actors use causal processes,risk actualization can be categorized into direct,indirect and mixed types.In the direct risk actualization,the object to be foreseen is the risk of the behavior.The indirect risk actualization may be directly affirmed when the behavior subject foresees natural intervening factor.When the intervening factor is human behavior,the indirect risk can be affirmed only if the free will to decide the choice of behavior can be neglected.For the mixed risk actualization created by different behavior subjects,when the person with obligation can avoid the result by actively fulfilling the obligation,the result should be attributed to the person.As to the mixed risk realization created by the same behavior subject,the result should be attributed to the behavior subject in spite of cumulative causationor suspicion of crime.