欠发达地区小城镇的社会再生产研究——基于广西4个典型小城镇的迁居意愿调研

Social Reproduction of Small Towns in Underdeveloped Areas:A Case Study Based on Survey of Migration Intentions in Four Typical Small Towns in Guangxi

改革开放以来,量大面广的小城镇在国家推进城镇化过程中始终被寄予很大期望,但成效如何仍值得深入讨论。文章以广西4个典型小城镇的迁居意愿调研数据为基础,从马克思关于社会有机体的"五种生产"视角,分析欠发达地区小城镇的社会再生产过程。研究表明,孱弱的本地物质生产能力是影响小城镇居民择居的关键因素,异化的基于本地社会网络的精神生产过程弱化了小城镇居民的地域认同,自身、社会关系、与自然关系方面也未达到可以实现可持续再生产的目标,这一不完整的社会再生产链条导致了欠发达地区小城镇的异地城镇化和半城镇化现象。在城镇化过程中,欠发达地区小城镇居民的择居行为更多的是在现实条件下的被动选择,难以成为与大中小城市并列的空间实体。应在更广泛的区域内协调本地发展,积极协调"五种生产"之间的关系,基于比较优势完善本地化的社会再生产过程,促使小城镇在推进新型城镇化过程中发挥更大作用。

Since the Reform and Opening Up,small towns have been highly expected in the process of promoting urbanization in China.But,the outcome is still worthy of in-depth discussion.Based on the survey data of four typical small towns in Guangxi,the paper analyzes the social reproduction process of small towns in underdeveloped areas from the perspective of"five productions"of society.It shows that the weakness of production capacity is the key factors for local residents’migration,the alienation of local spiritual production process weakens the geographical identity of small town residents,and human,social relations,natural relations have not achieved goal of sustainable reproduction.The incomplete reproduction chain has led to the urbanization in different places and semi-urbanization of small towns in underdeveloped areas.In the process of urbanization,the choice of residents in small towns is more passive selection under realistic conditions.It is difficult to play the same role as large,medium and small cities as a space entity.Local development should be coordinated in a wider area.The relationship between"five productions"should be actively coordinated based on comparative advantages,and small towns should play a greater role in promoting new urbanization.