中药有效成分治疗阿尔茨海默病研究概况

Research Status of Treatment of Alzheimer′s Disease with Effective Components of Traditional Chinese Medicine

阿尔茨海默病(AD)是一种严重不可逆的神经退化性疾病。由于致病原因不明,药物开发与使用极为有限。目前用于治疗AD的乙酰胆碱抑制剂和N-甲基-D-天冬氨酸受体抑制剂效果并不大,且费用昂贵。而近年来中药提取的技术取得了一定进展,在人参、远志、豆荚、灵芝等中药中分离并提纯出来了一些重要的有效成分,在动物和细胞模型上证实可缓解AD的症状,具有治疗AD的潜力。目前,由于中药提取工艺工业化难度大、成本高及有效成分标准难以制定等,中药有效成分还处于实验室研究阶段,进入临床应用还有许多问题需要解决。

Alzheimer′s disease(AD)is a serious irreversible neurodegenerative disease.The cause of AD is still mostly unknown,so drug development and usage are very limited.Acetylcholine inhibitors and N-methyl-D-aspartic receptor inhibitor are most commonly used to treat AD,which do not have satisfactory effect but cost much.In recent years,advances have been made in the extraction of traditional Chinese medicine.Some important active ingredients have been isolated and purified from ginseng,yuanzhi,pod,ganoderma and other traditional Chinese medicines.They have been proved to alleviate the symptoms of AD in both animal and cell models,showing potential in treating AD.At present,due to the difficulty in industrialization of traditional Chinese medicine extraction process,high cost and difficulty in establishing the effective ingredient standard,the effective ingredients of traditional Chinese medicines are still in the stage of laboratory research,and there are still many problems to be solved when entering clinical application.