小语境对语气词“也”的规约——以《史记》四列传为例

The Rule of the Modal Particle“-”in Small Context——A Data Study of four biographies from the Records of History

语气词"也"单独时不表示语气,而是与其他手段配合一起表达语气。上下文小语境规约着"也",既影响"也"的意义和功能,又影响"也"对句式和句类的语气选择。本文以《史记》中《屈原贾生列传》《孟尝君列传》《淮南衡山列传》《仲尼弟子列传》的语气词"也"为例,统计出四列传句末语气词"也"125例,句中语气词"也"73例。"也"在句末,配合其他表达语气的手段,包括语气副词、疑问代词、语序的变化、整齐的句式等,共同承担表示语气的功能,分别表示陈述语气、判断语气、疑问语气、感叹语气和祈使语气;"也"在句中,分别表示提顿语气和跌宕语气。

The modal particle"yě"can’t express tones if not coordinate with other means.Small context of the works dicides"yě",not only affecting the meaning and function of"yě",but also affecting the choice of"yě"in different sentence patterns and sentence types.The modal particle"yě"appear in four biographies from The Records of History are chosen as data and classified into words at the end of sentence and words at the middle of sentence,125 examples and 73 examples respectively."yě"at the end of sentence assumes the function of modal with other means,and expresses the indicative mood,the judging mood,the interrogative mood,the exclamatory mood,the imperative mood."yě"at the middle of sentence expresses the prompt mood and rhythmical mood.