要素大规模再配置与公有产权的润滑作用

Large--scale Reallocation of Factors and the Lubrication of Public Ownership

改革开放以来,中国在推动劳动力、土地等要素从农业领域进入工业化、城镇化进程中,成功地实现了较长时期的高速经济增长。但是从历史与国际经验来看,经济起飞前增长要素往往被锁定在农业部门中,那么中国是如何实现要素大规模再配置的?社会主义公有制为要素的再配置乃至为中国的快速工业化进程提供了制度基础和强力支撑,土地公有制不仅为农民转化为农民工提供了弹性保障,而且为土地的非农使用提供了弹性空间。公有制的作用显示出,要有相应的推动要素顺利再配置的制度安排才能实现经济起飞,并且与产权保护相比在起飞过程中产权有效使用可能更加重要。

After 40 years’development,China has been the second largest economy.It has successfully achieved a long and high-speed economic growth by pushing labor and land factors from the agricultural field into the process of industrialization and urbanization.However,in terms of history and international experience,growth factors are often locked in the agricultural sector before economic take-off.How are the factors reallocated on a large scale in China?Socialist public ownership provides institutional basis and strong support for the reallocation of factors and even for the rapid industrialization process in China.Land public ownership not only provides flexible guarantee for farmers to transform into migrant workers,but also provides flexible space for non-agricultural use of land.The role of public ownership shows that the economic take-off can only be achieved through the corresponding institutional arrangements to promote the smooth reallocation of factors,and the effective use of property rights in the take-off process may be more important than the protection of property rights.Furthermore,public ownership does not necessarily represent the bottom of resource utilization efficiency,and the key lies in the construction of effective governance mechanism.Public ownership constitutes the institutional and material basis of social equality,and the competition and innovation on it will be more powerful,which is the essence of the socialist market economy.