从“阶级”到“种族”——论种族批判理论的范式转换

From Class to Race: On the Transformation of the Paradigm in Critical Race Theory

有些种族批判理论家们认为,"阶级"分析方法在当代已经过时,为了更深入地了解现代西方社会的"种族"问题,必须在方法论上进行一次范式变革和转换,即从"阶级"范式转为"种族"范式。在此基础上产生的"种族批判理论"从"种族"视角对社会中涉及种族问题的各种现象都试图加以重新检视和批判,如种族与民族、种族与教育、种族与移民、种族与公民身份,等等。种族批判理论的确在一定程度上看到了"种族"分析的重要性、可行性和适用性,也开拓了当代西方社会批判理论的新视域,但在对当代资本主义社会的批判方面,"种族"分析与"阶级"分析的方法并不是完全相对立的。阶级分析方法仍然是分析种族、性别等社会问题的基本方法之一。

Some theorists of the Critical Race Theory(CRT)believe that the method of"class"analysis is outdated in modern times,in order to understand the"race"problems of modern western society more deeply,there must be a transformation of paradigm in methodology,that is,from the"class"to the"race".On this basis,theorists of the Critical Race Theory try to rethink and criticize the various social phenomena which involve racial issues from the"race"perspective,such as race and ethnicity,race and education,race and immigration,race and citizenship,and so on.The Critical Race Theory has indeed the importance,feasibility and applicability in"race"analysis to some extent,and also opens up a new field in the social critical theory,but in the criticism of contemporary capitalist society,it is not completely opposite to the method of"class"analysis.The method of class analysis is still one of the basic methods of analyzing social problems.