非对称热环境下人体热舒适度模型研究进展

Research Progress on Human Thermal Comfort Models in Asymmetric Thermal Environments

本文根据热空间模型、人体热生理模型和人体热心理模型的分类标准,对非对称热环境下人体热舒适度研究进行全面综述。热空间模型通过空调、环境参数直接预测人体客观、主观反应,人体热生理模型通过研究人体内部主动、被动生理调节预测人体生理参数,人体热心理模型侧重研究生理参数和主观反应的联系或人体如何适应热环境,最后概述了各模型的优点及局限。结果表明:热空间模型与选用的空间结构具有重大联系,一旦空间结构改变,模型建立的很多关系便无法成立,在车辆的应用领域价值更大;大多数热生理及热心理模型不够全面或仅限于特定环境,只有少数能够通过详细的体温调节解决人类对非均匀和瞬态条件的反应;Berkeley热舒适模型同时涵盖了热生理及热心理模型,但其耦合模拟过程过于复杂,而等效温度模型虽然精度相对较低,但由于其运算简便受到更广泛的应用;自适应模型充分考虑了人的主观能动性,但仍处于初级研究阶段。

Based on the classification criteria of thermal space models,human thermal physiological models,and human thermal psychological models,this paper gives a comprehensive review of human comfort research in an asymmetric environment.Thermal space models directly predict the objective and subjective response of humans using air conditioning and environmental parameters.Human thermal physiological models predict the physiological parameters of humans by studying active and passive physiological regulation in human bodies.Human thermal psychological models focus on the relationship between physiological parameters and subjective responses or on how the human body adapts to the thermal environment.Finally,the advantages and limitations of each model is summarized.The results show that the thermal space model has a significant relationship with the selected space structure;once the space structure changes,many of the relationships established by the model cannot be established,which is more valuable in the field of vehicle applications;most thermophysiological and thermopsychological models are not comprehensive or limited to specific environments,and only a few can address human responses to non-uniform and transient conditions through detailed body temperature regulation;the Berkeley thermal comfort model covers both thermophysiological and thermopsychological models,but its coupling simulation process is too complicated;while the equivalent temperature model has relatively low accuracy,it is more widely used due to its simple operation;adaptive model fully considers human subjective initiative,but its research is still in its infancy.