细胞低温保存过程中冰晶成核的研究进展

Ice Nucleation during Cell Cryopreservation:A Review

细胞低温保存过程中,胞内冰损伤是其主要损伤因素之一,这可以通过控制冰晶成核来降低。本文总结了物理、化学及生物控制成核方法在低温保存领域的应用,归纳了各类控制成核方法的机理及对细胞产生的影响,对比得出生物及化学试剂控制成核方法较为优异。并提出最佳成核温度的概念,在该温度下,胞外冰产生且引导细胞适当脱水,减少胞内自由水,降低胞内冰的产生几率,为控制成核在细胞低温保存领域的应用指明了方向。

The major challenge to cell cryopreservation is intracellular ice formation(IIF),which can be reduced by controlling ice nucleation.In this review,the influence of ice nucleation on super-cooling and damage zone was analyzed.Physical,chemical,and biological methods have been applied to control ice nucleation during cryopreservation.The mechanisms of these methods were summarized and the influence of these methods on cell cryopreservation were discussed.Then it was proposed that biological and chemical methods should be superior methods of controlling ice nucleation.Additionally,the best ice seeding temperature was further proposed.At this temperature,ice crystals are initiated in the extracellular solution,which could result in minimal cell volume by reducing intracellularly active water properly,and then the incidence of IIF is reduced.The direction of ice seeding applied in the cell cryopreservation was pointed out.