减磷施肥对寒地水稻干物质生产及产量的影响

Effects of phosphorus reduction fertilization on dry matter production and yield of rice in cold region

采用二因素完全随机试验设计,研究了减磷施肥和苗田与本田磷肥分配比例对寒地水稻干物质生产、根部性状、光合特性及产量的影响.结果表明:在减磷15%处理下,寒地水稻穗数高于常规施磷处理;在减磷30%处理下,寒地水稻的结实率有效增加,但穗数、穗粒数和产量明显下降.在苗田与本田磷肥分配比例20∶80处理下,寒地水稻的根部性状较好;在苗田与本田磷肥分配比例40∶60处理下,寒地水稻的干物质积累量和产量及其构成因素显著或极显著高于苗田与本田磷肥分配比例0∶100处理.可见,减磷15%处理配合苗田与本田磷肥分配比例40∶60处理为最优组合.

The effects of phosphorus reduction fertilization and phosphorus fertilizer distribution ratio between seedling field and rice field on the dry matter production,root traits,photosynthetic characteristics and yield of rice in cold region were studied by two factor complete random experiment design.The results showed that under 15%phosphorus reduction treatment,the panicle number of rice in cold region was higher than that of conventional phosphorus application.Under the treatment of 30%phosphorus reduction,the seed setting rate of rice increased effectively,but the panicle number,grain number per panicle and yield decreased significantly.Under the treatment of 20∶80 distribution ratio between seedling field and rice field,the root traits of rice were better.The dry matter accumulation,yield and its components of rice were significantly or extremely significantly higher in the treatment of 40∶60 distribution ratio between seedling field and rice field than those in the treatment of 0∶100 distribution ratio between seedling field and rice field.It could be seen that 15%phosphorus reduction combined with 40∶60 distribution ratio between seedling field and rice field was the best combination.