南京仙林大学城校园绿化植物调查与分析

Investigation and analysis on campus plants in Xianlin university town,Nanjing

为了解南京仙林大学城校园绿化植物资源应用状况,对南京大学、南京邮电大学、南京师范大学、南京中医药大学及南京财经大学5所校园绿化植物种类组成、生活型、季相结构、应用频度及类群进行调查分析。结果表明:南京仙林大学城校园绿化植物共有83科180属260种,其中,蕨类植物共有1科1属1种,裸子植物共有8科16属24种,被子植物共有74科163属235种;优势科共有10科119种,优势属共有18属69种,国家重点保护植物共有12科12属13种。生活型上,南京仙林大学城校园绿化应用乔木共有107种,其中落叶类乔木应用较多;灌木共有83种,以常绿类灌木为主;草本共有70种,以多年生草本植物应用为主。观赏特性上,春季观花植物共有67种,夏季观花植物共有45种,秋季观花、观叶植物各有18种和21种,校园季相变化较为明显;应用频度上,行道树以香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)、二球悬铃木(Platanus acerifolia)以及银杏(Ginkgo biloba)为主;绿篱以红叶石楠(Photinia×fraseri)、大叶黄杨(Buxus megistophylla)、红花檵木(Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum)等常绿灌木为主;草本植物以麦冬(Ophiopogon japonicus)、沿阶草(Ophiopogon bodinieri)及金边阔叶麦冬(Liriope platyphylla‘variegata’)等多年生草本植物为主。总体上,仙林大学城植物资源较为丰富,季相变化明显,但5所高校植物种类大多一致、植物配植手法相似,建议加强乡土植物的应用、增加藤本植物及水生植物应用,使校园绿化体系发挥更好的生态效益和景观效果。

To understand the application status of greening plant resources in Nanjing Xianlin university town,this paper analyses and studies the campus plants systematically from the aspects of species composition,life form,application frequency,seasonal aspect and dominant species based on the investigation of Nanjing University,Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine and Nanjing University of Finance and Economics.The results show that there are 260 species of plants belonging to 83 families,180 genera in the campus.Among them,the gymnosperm has 24 species belonging to 16 genera in 8 families and the angiosperm has 235 species belonging to 163 genera in 74 families.However,the fern has only 1 specie belonging to 1 genus in 1 family.According to the taxon,10 families which contain 119 species of plants belong to dominant families and 18 genera which contain 69 species of plants belong to dominant genera in Nanjing Xianlin university town.Thirteen species of plants belonging to 12 genus in 12 family are state key conservation species.In terms of lifestyle,107 species of arbor trees of which deciduous trees are mainly used,83 kinds of shrubs of which are mainly evergreen shrubs and 70 kinds of herbs of which are mainly used in perennial herbs in Nanjing Xianlin university town.From the point of ornamental characteristics,there are 67 spring flowers,45 summer flowers,18 autumn flowers and 21 foliage plants.In terms of frequency of application,the street trees are mainly Cinnamomum camphora,Platanus acerifolia and Ginkgo biloba.The hedges are mainly evergreen shrubs such as Photinia×fraseri,Buxus megistophylla,and Loropetalum chinense var.rubrum.Most of the herbaceous plants are composed of perennial herbs such as Ophiopogon japonicus,Ophiopogon bodinieri and Liriope platyphylla‘variegata’.In general,Xianlin university town has rich plant resources and obvious seasonal changes.However,the degree of overlap between plant species and application methods is high.It is recommended to strengthen the application of native plants,increase the application of vines and aquatic plants,and make the campus greening system play better ecological and landscape effects.