康德关于自由与必然的相容论是融贯的吗?

Is Kant’s Compatibilism Concerning Freedom and Necessity Coherent?

康德的自由观认为,本体界行为的自由与现象界行为的必然性不矛盾,前一种行为可以构成后者的根据,这种诉诸本体的相容论为其实践哲学提供了重要前提,也引发了很多争议。学者们就他律行为的可能性、性格和准则改变的可能性、个体内自由选择之间的相容性、人与人之间自由的相容性、行为归因和道德评价等方面问题提出了尖锐批评。笔者就康德相容论的这些国际学界所争论的焦点和深度问题进行了进一步探讨,以说明渐趋成熟的康德思想很好地维持了自身的融贯性,可以有力应对以上的种种批评。

According to Kant’s theory of freedom,the freedom of actions in noumenal world is not contradictory to the necessity of actions in phenomenal world,and the former actions can work as the ground of the latter.Such noumenalist compatibilism both provides significant prerequisites for his practical philosophy and raises many disputes,meeting with severe criticisms from scholars concerning the possibility of heteronomous actions,the possibility of transition in characters and maxims,the compatibility of the freedom of one person in different behaviors,the compatibility of the freedom of different people,and ascription and moral evaluation.I discuss the focuses and the deep questions in the disputes on Kant’s compatibilism in international academy,to establish that Kant’s matured thought realizes its coherency by forceful responses to these criticisms.