表目的关系连动式的两种不同类型

Two Different Types of Serial Verb Constructions Conveying Purpose Relation

汉语中至少有两种连动式能够表达目的关系,这两种连动式的差别也体现在句法语义等诸多方面。在语义表达上,其中一种连动式只能表达"行为—目的"关系,而且所表达的是规约化的目的;另一种连动式除了表"行为—目的"关系外,往往同时兼表"方式—行为"关系。在句法表现上,两种连动式在前项动词能否重叠及用"怎么"指代、后项动词能否带完成体标记和接受"没"的否定等方面存在显著差别。两种连动式句法表现上的差异可以归因于它们所表语义关系的不同,而影响后者的关键因素是连动式中后项动词核心论元的完整性。

At least two types of serial verb constructions can convey the relation of‘action-purpose’.But the two types differ from each other semantically and syntactically.Semantically,one of the serial verb constructions only express the relation of‘action-purpose’which is specially a kind of conventionalized purpose,while the other can express both the‘action-purpose’and the relation of‘method-action’.Syntactically,the two types differs significantly in the following aspects:whether the former verbs can be reduplicated or be replaced by Zenme(怎么);whether the later verbs can be followed by the perfective aspect marker or be negated by Mei(没).The syntactical difference of the two types of serial verb constructions is attributable to the different semantic relations they convey;while the key factor which affects the different semantic relations is the completeness of the kernel arguments of the later verbs.