鄂西北优质烟区井窑小壮苗适宜移栽期研究

Study on Suitable Transplanting Period of Well-cellar Strong Seedlings for High-quality Flue-cured Tobacco in Northwest of Hubei Province

[目的]研究鄂西北优质烤烟区井窖小壮苗最为适宜的移栽期。[方法]从温度、降雨量等因素着手,探讨鄂西北烟区适宜的移栽期,并结合近3年(2016—2018年)推广情况进行论证。[结果]通过井窖小壮苗移栽,将整体移栽期提前至4月20日前后(提前20 d左右),能实现海拔1000 m以下烟叶在6月中下旬干旱来临前生长基本定型,海拔1000 m以上烟叶在9月中下旬秋涝来临前采收完毕,规避不利气候对烟叶生长带来的影响。将烟叶成熟期集中在7—8月高温季,有利于烟叶成熟,提升烟叶质量,符合烟叶生产气候需求。3年推广验证证实,通过井窖小壮苗移栽期研究,烟苗处于最佳生长环境中,烟草前期花叶病大幅度减少,烟株发育充分,烟叶开片好,进一步明确了井窖小壮苗移栽的关键技术和标准:播种期与移栽期配套,确保移栽时烟苗达到小壮苗标准;移栽期提前,带来土壤蒸发量减少,需适度降低垄内湿度,否则容易导致僵苗。[结论]该研究为当前十堰烟区乃至湖北省提出的提前移栽提供理论支撑。

[Objective]To study the most suitable transplanting period of well-cellar strong seedlings for high-quality flue-cured tobacco in Northwest of Hubei Province.[Method]According to the factors of temperature and rainfall,the appropriate transplanting period of the tobacco region of the Northwest of Hubei was analyzed,and the promotion in recent three years(2016-2018)was demonstrated.[Result]The whole transplanting period was advanced before the beginning of April 20(about 20 days in advance)by well-cellar strong seedlings.The tobacco with the altitude below 1000 meters could be grown basically before the drought in late June which the tobacco with the altitude more than 1000 meters could be harvested before the fall of the autumn in late September.The effect of adverse weather on the growth of the tobacco could be avoided easily.The mature period of the tobacco was concentrated in the high-temperature season during July-August,no matter what the quality of the tobacco was superior and golden.The three-year experiment verified the optimal growth environment of the well-cellar strong seedlings could promote the quality of the tobacco leaves and reduce the tobacco mosaic virus.The sowing period was matched with the transplanting period to ensure the strong seedling standard at the time of transplanting period.If the transplanting period was advanced then the evaporation of the soil was reduced,the inner humidity of the ridge needs to be reduced to prevent the runt seedling.[Conclusion]This study provides theoretical support for the advance transplantation proposed by Shiyan tobacco zones and even Hubei Province.