福柯的赌注:知识权力生产的经济学话语

Foucault’s Bet: The Economic Discourse of the Production of Power-Knowledge

理解福柯知识权力的生产的关键在于他提出的"谱系学的赌注":权力与经济的关系是怎样的,权力能否还原为商品模型。福柯的知识权力生产与社会批判理论的传统除了在理论任务上的一致以外,更为重要的是在方法论上的创造性继承,其方法论建立在政治经济学批判之上,它是对于资本主义再生产过程的重要思想补充。惩罚体系、人口和性这三个主题是福柯知识权力生产的分析典型。惩罚体系和人口问题都和劳动力在权力的规训下的产生有关,而性则构成了身体与人口问题的结合点,因而成为分析知识权力的中心。生命政治是知识权力生产的逻辑完成,对它的分析同样与政治经济学有密切的关系。当知识权力生产之下的主体彻底消解后,福柯将注意力集中在对主体和真理的关系问题之上,这实质上是要探寻主体的可能性。福柯尽管想要超越马克思主义对于权力和经济的解释框架,但却始终必须借助于经济学的资源,甚至回到马克思主义的观点之上。

The key to Foucault’s research on production of power-knowledge lies in his" genealogical bet" : what is the relationship between power and economy, and whether power can be reduced to the commodity model. The consistency of Foucault’s research on power-knowledge and social critical theory tradition is not only in the theoretical task, but also more important in the methodological creative inheritance. The research on power-knowledge production is based on the methodology of political economics;it is an important addition to the capitalist reproduction process. The three themes of punishment system, population and sex are typical examples of Foucault’s research on power-knowledge production. Both the punishment system and the population problem are related to the production of labor under the discipline of power, while sex constitutes the combination of body and population issues, and thus becomes the center of analysis of production of power-knowledge. Bio-politics is the logical completion of power-knowledge production, and its analysis is also closely related to political economy. When the subject under the production of power-knowledge is completely dispelled, Foucault focuses on the relationship between the subject and the truth. This is essential to explore the possibility of subject. Although Foucault wants to transcend Marxist framework of interpretation of power and economy, he must always rely on the resources of economics and even return to the Marxist view.