声景方法在景观设计中的作用

THE ROLES OF SOUNDSCAPE APPROACHES IN LANDSCAPE DESIGN

声景源于人们对特定空间需求和期望的感知与理解,是一种非视觉的观察与表达形式。与视觉景观类似,声景的成本效益亦有相当的吸引力。然而,对于如何将声景方法融入景观设计,目前设计师和相关从业者尚未有充分的理解和应用。本文主要通过英国的相关研究成果、国家政策及最前沿的设计实践,探讨声景方法在景观设计中的作用。尽管相关的研究尚不充分,但已有研究证明,特定景观设计要素可从声屏障及积极声源方面对声景的营造有所助益。此外,相应政策应鼓励城乡地区保有适宜的声景并维持其多样性,以供景观设计师针对噪声问题提出更多创新设计方案。景观设计方案需要通过团队协作和思维创新来进一步探索行之有效的设计方法,而将交通主管部门和开发商等不同群体的利益考虑在内的声景方法即可实现这一目标。在景观设计师和城市规划师的协助下,协调各方利益的设计方案可通过创造理想的城市声景予以明确。

Soundscape starts from human’s perception and understanding of users’needs and expectations of a space in an un-visual observation and expression form.Similar to visual landscape,soundscape costbenefit can be rather attractive.However,how to integrate soundscape approaches into landscape design has not been sufficiently understood or applied by designers and practitioners.This paper aims to discuss the roles of soundscape approaches in landscape design by exploring the research outcomes,national policies,and the state-of-the-art design practice especially across the UK.The design elements of landscape have been demonstrated to be able to form positive soundscape in terms of both noise barrier and positive sound source,although there is still a lack of research on soundscape approaches in landscape design.Besides,relevant policies should encourage appropriate soundscapes and diversity of soundscapes in both urban and rural areas,which could provide more possibilities for landscape designers to create innovative design solutions for noise problems.The landscape design options need further development through collaboration and innovative thinking so that a greater variety of solutions can be implemented.Soundscape approaches are those which take into account interests of different groups,including transport authorities and developers.Coordinated solutions can be defined with the help of landscape and urban architects to fulfil stakeholders’interests by creating a desirable urban soundscape.